Biology Ch. 4

Front 1

a membrane-bound structure that is the basic unit of life

Back 1

cell

Front 2

the lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of a cell

Back 2

cell membrane

Front 3

the theory that all living things are made up of cells, that cells are the basic units of organisms, and that cells come only from existing cells

Back 3

cell theory

Front 4

a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound orgnaelles

Back 4

eukaryote

Front 5

in a eukaryotic cell, the organelle that contains most of the DNA and directs most of the cells activities

Back 5

nucleus

Front 6

one of several formed bodies with a specialized function that is suspended in the cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells

Back 6

organelle

Front 7

a unicellular organism that lacks a nuclues and membrane-bound organelles

Back 7

prokaryote

Front 8

one of the two protein filaments in a muscle cell that function in contraction

Back 8

actin

Front 9

a rigid structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many protists, and most bacteria

Back 9

cell wall

Front 10

a plastid containing chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis

Back 10

chloroplast

Front 11

the DNA and proteins in the nucleus of a nondividing cell

Back 11

chromatin

Front 12

DNA and protein in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division

Back 12

chromosome

Front 13

a short, hairlike organelle that extends from a cell and functions in locomotion or in the movement of substances across the cell surface

Back 13

cilium

Front 14

a fold of the inner membrane of mitochondria

Back 14

crista

Front 15

the region of a cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus

Back 15

cytoplasm

Front 16

a network of long network strands in the cytosol that helps maintain the shape and size of a eukaryotic cell

Back 16

cytoskeleton

Front 17

the gelatin like aqueous fluid that bathes the organelles on the inside of the cell membrane

Back 17

cytosol

Front 18

a system of membranous tubules and sacs in eukaryotic cells that functions as a path along which molecules move from one part of the cell to another

Back 18

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 19

a hairlike structure made up of microtubules that function in locomotion

Back 19

flagellum

Front 20

a model of a cell membrane structure representing the dynamic nature of membrane lipids and proteins

Back 20

fluid mosaic model

Front 21

a system of membranes in eukaryotic celss that modifies proteins for export by the cell

Back 21

golgi apparatus

Front 22

a protein imbedded in the b ilayer of the cell membrane

Back 22

integral protein

Front 23

an organelle containing digestive enzymes; existing primarily in animal cells

Back 23

lysosome

Front 24

a polymer chain of the protein actin; the smallest strand in the cytoskeleton

Back 24

microfilament

Front 25

a hollow tube of protein that constitutes the largest strand in the cytoskeleton

Back 25

microtubule

Front 26

the organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells

Back 26

mitochondrion

Front 27

a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell

Back 27

nuclear envelope

Front 28

the nuclear skeleton, a shape maintaining protein

Back 28

nuclear matrix

Front 29

a small hole in the nuclear envelope through which substances pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Back 29

nuclear pore

Front 30

the structure in which ribosomes are synthesized and partially assembled; found in most nuclei

Back 30

nucleolus

Front 31

a protein attached to the interior or exterior surface of the cell membrane

Back 31

peripheral protein

Front 32

an organelle of plant cells that contains starch, fats, or pigments

Back 32

plastid

Front 33

an organelle that functions in the synthesis of proteins

Back 33

ribosome

Front 34

the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that contains attached ribosomes

Back 34

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Front 35

a membrane that keeps out some molecules but allows others to pass through

Back 35

selectively permeable membrane

Front 36

the portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that lacks attached ribosomes

Back 36

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 37

one of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists in the movement of chromosomes

Back 37

spindle fiber

Front 38

a flattened membranous sac inside a chloroplast; contains most of the components involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis

Back 38

thylakoid

Front 39

a fluid-filled organelle that stores enzymes or metabolic wastes in a plant cell

Back 39

vacuole

Front 40

a collection of genetically identical cells that live together in a closely connected group

Back 40

colonial organism

Front 41

several types of body tissues that together perform a function

Back 41

organ

Front 42

a group of organs that interact to perform a set of related tasks

Back 42

organ system

Front 43

in most multicellular organisms, a group of similar cells that carry out a common function

Back 43

tissue