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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pedigree
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A chart that shows the family history of an individual is called this
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sex-linked
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Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes
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autosomes
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The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called this
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carrier
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Term for someone who is heterozygous for a recessive disease
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square
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Shape used to represent a male on a pedigree chart
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circle
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Shape used to represent a female on a pedigree chart
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affected male
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A filled in square on a pedigree chart represents this
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affected female
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A filled in circle on a pedigree chart represents this
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carrier male
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A half filled in square on a pedigree chart represents this
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carrier female
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A half filled in circle on a pedigree chart represents this
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normal male
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An empty or white square on a pedigree chart represents this
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normal female
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An empty or white circle on a pedigree chart represents this
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Roman numerals
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Generations on a pedigree chart are identified by this type of numbers
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Arabic numerals
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Individuals on a pedigree chart are identified by this type of numbers
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sex-linked
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If a trait on a pedigree chart is seen only in males it means the trait is....
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autosomal
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If a trait on a pedigree chart is seen in both sexes somewhat equally it means the trait is....
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her father
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For a female to have a sex-linked trait, who else has to have it?
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carrier
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For a female to have a sex-linked trait, the mother has to be a...
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dominant
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If on a pedigree chart every individual with the trait has a parent with it also it means the trait is....
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recessive
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If on a pedigree chart an individual with the trait has heterozygous parents who appear normal it means the trait is....
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incomplete dominance
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Type of inheritance when a heterozygote shows a phenotype that is different than both parental homozygous phenotypes
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hybrid
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Pink snapdragon flowers are hybrids and can never breed true because they are considered this...
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codominance
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Type of inheritance when both alleles in a heterozygote express themselves at the same time
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roan
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Term for a horse where both red and white hairs are equally represented throughout the coat
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multiple alleles
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Type of inheritance when a single trait is controlled by three or more alleles of the same gene
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codominant
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Term used to describe the blood type alleles I^A and I^B
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transfusion
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Process that involves taking blood from one person (a donor) and giving it to another to replace blood lost in major accidents, or during life-saving operations, for instance.
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universal donor
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Nickname for blood type O (specifically O negative)
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universal recipient
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Nickname for blood type AB (specifically AB positive)
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45
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What percent of the population is blood type O?
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4
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What percent of the population is blood type AB?
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39
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What percent of the population is blood type A?
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12
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What percent of the population is blood type B?
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ii
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What genotype (alleles) represent an individual who is blood type O?
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polygenic
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Term used to describe traits controlled by two or more gene pairs
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melanin
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The brownish black pigment that determines your skin color
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bell
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The distribution of phenotypes for a polygenic trait tends to follow this shaped curve
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superscripts
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The alleles for sex-linked traits are written as this
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fruit flies
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These animals inherit sex chromosomes in the same way as humans and make good specimens for genetic studies
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Morgan
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This famous geneticist (last name) studied the trait of eye color in fruit flies
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monosomy
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The condition in which a diploid cell is missing a chromosome
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trisomy
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The condition in which a diploid cell has an extra chromosome
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karyotype
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Deviations in chromosome number can be detected by analyzing this test
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Down syndrome
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Individuals with an extra copy of chromosome 21 have trisomy 21 syndrome, also called this....
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older
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Down syndrome is common in children of what kind of mothers?
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disjunction
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When a cell divides normally, each chromosomes and its homologue separate in an event called...
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nondisjunction
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If one or more chromosomes fail to separate properly, this event may occur
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amniocentesis
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Name of the prenatal test in which a doctor uses a needle and syringe to remove a small amount of the fluid from the amnion to be tested for abnormalities
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chorionic villi sampling
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Name of the prenatal test in which doctors analyze a sample of chorionic villi, part of the placenta in the mother's uterus
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XX
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female sex chromosomes
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XY
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male sex chromsomes
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XXY
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Klinefelter's syndrome sex chromsomes
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XYY
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Jacob's syndrome sex chromsomes
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XO
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Turner's syndrome sex chromsomes
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XXX
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Triplo-X syndrome sex chromsomes
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Klinefelter's syndrome
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Males with this have longer than average limbs, sparse body hair, underdeveloped genitalia, and slight breast development
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Jacob's syndrome
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Males with this are nicknamed "super-males" and are usually tall with severe facial acne
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testosterone
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"super-males" produce high levels of this hormone
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Turner syndrome
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Females with this are short in stature, have distinctive webbed necks, small, widely spaced breasts, broad shield-shaped chests, and turned-out elbows
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Triple-X syndrome
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Females with this are nicknamed "super-females" and are usually tall with long legs and slender torsos and often have learning difficulties
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50%
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If a red-eyed male fruit fly (X^R Y) is mated to a carrier female (X^R X^r), what percent of the male offspring will have white eyes?
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pink
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If a red flower is crossed with a white flower, according to incomplete dominance, what color will the offspring flowers be?
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25%
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If a two pink flowers are crossed, according to incomplete dominance, what percent of the offspring will be white?
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B, AB
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Individuals with blood type B can donate blood to what blood types?
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B, O
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Individuals with blood type B can receive blood from what blood types?
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O, A, B, AB
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Individuals with blood type O can donate blood to what blood types?
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O
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Individuals with blood type O can receive blood from what blood types?
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AB
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Individuals with blood type AB can donate blood to what blood types?
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O, A, B, AB
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Individuals with blood type AB can receive blood from what blood types?
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A, AB
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Individuals with blood type A can donate blood to what blood types?
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A, O
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Individuals with blood type A can receive blood from what blood types?
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prenatal
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amniocentesis and chorionic villi sampling are what kind of tests?
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father
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Which parent determines the sex of a baby?
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epistasis
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when one gene locus masks or modifies the phenotype of a second gene locus; when two or more different gene loci contribute to the same phenotype, but not additively
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pleiotrophy
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the phenomenon of one gene being responsible for and affecting more than one phenotypic characteristic
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albinism
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An example of epistasis that occurs when a lack of pigment results in pale white individuals
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