Biology Cell Part Functions

Front 1

an extensive system of membranes inside eukaryotic cells that direct molecular traffic

Back 1

endoplasmic reticulum

Front 2

the largest organelle. It directs the cell's activities and contains the cell's genetic material

Back 2

nucleus

Front 3

packages, labels and distributes molecules made in the cell. Also contains enzymes that act on proteins and lipids

Back 3

golgi apparatus

Front 4

a network of protein fibers that supports the shape of the cell and anchors its organelles

Back 4

cytoskeleton

Front 5

shallow depressions which contain proteins and permit certain molecules to pass into and out of the nucleus

Back 5

nuclear pores

Front 6

double lipid bilayer membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Back 6

nuclear envelope

Front 7

lipid bilayer membrane embedded with protein that surrounds the cell

Back 7

plasma membrane

Front 8

made up of proteins and RNA these molecules sit on the ER and manufacture proteins that are later exported

Back 8

ribosomes

Front 9

organelles which release the stored energy in food. May have evolved from bacteria

Back 9

mitochondria

Front 10

Membrane-enclosed sacs created by the ER. Found only in eukaryotic cells

Back 10

vesicles

Front 11

the ER where lipids are made. Numerous in brain cells

Back 11

smooth ER

Front 12

proteins and lipids that are being made for export pass into this compartment before moving on to the smooth ER

Back 12

lumen

Front 13

the ER that is covered with ribosomes

Back 13

rough ER

Front 14

a large internal space found in plant cells. Stores water, nutrients, or wastes. Pressure from the water keeps plants from wilting

Back 14

central vacuole

Front 15

rod-shaped structures n the nucleus composed of DNA and proteins

Back 15

chromosomes

Front 16

provide the cell with mechanical support and give it shape. Moves things like organelles and molecules around within the cell

Back 16

actin filaments

Front 17

provide the cell with mechanical support and give it shape. Forms a scaffolding for the cell

Back 17

intermediate filaments

Front 18

small vesicles derived from smooth ER, which contain enzymes. They may convert fats to carbohydrates or form H2O2

Back 18

peroxisomes

Front 19

long threadlike organelles protruding from the cells surface. Composed of a circle of 9 microtubules surrounding two central microtubules

Back 19

flagella

Front 20

hollow protein fibers which form centrioles or flagella or cilia

Back 20

microtubules

Front 21

flagella that are shorter, numerous, and organized in tightly packed rows

Back 21

cilia

Front 22

structures made of microtubules which aid in moving chromosomes during cell division. Not found in plants or fungi

Back 22

centrioles

Front 23

vesicles that contain digestive enzymes to break down proteins, nucleic acids, lipids (fats), and carbs. Recycle the cell's used components

Back 23

lysosomes

Front 24

perform photosynthesis, to make sugars from water, CO2, and energy from sunlight

Back 24

chloroplasts

Front 25

rigid structure outside the plasma membrane made of cellulose or chitin

Back 25

cell wall

Front 26

the fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Back 26

cytosol

Front 27

everything inside the cell membrane except the cell's genetic material

Back 27

cytoplasm

Front 28

chloroplasts, leucoplasts, and chromoplasts are examples. They are plant organelles containing pigments, starches or lipids

Back 28

plastids

Front 29

region within the nucleus that produces ribosomes

Back 29

nucleolus

Front 30

Cell Theory Part 1

Back 30

All living organisms are composed of one or more cells

Front 31

Cell Theory Part 2

Back 31

In organisms, cells are the basic units of structure and function.

Front 32

Cell Theory Part 3

Back 32

Cells are produced only from existing cells.