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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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passive transport
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movement across the cell membrane that does not require energy from the cell
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concentration gradient
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A difference in the concentration of a substance, such as balls, across a space
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equillibrium
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a condition in which the concentration of a substance is equal throughout space.
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diffusion
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The movement of a substance from an area of a high concentration to a low concentration
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osmosis
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the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
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hypertonic solution
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A solution that causes a cell to shrink because of osmosis.
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hypotonic solution
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a solution that causes a cell to swell because of osmosis
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isotonic solution
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A solution that produces no change in cell volume because of osmosis.
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ion channel
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a transport protein with a polar pore through which ions can pass.
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carrier proteins
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most cells also have a different kind of transport protein that can bind to a specific substance on one side of the cell membrane, carry the substance across the cell membrane, & release it on the other side.
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facilitated diffusion
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when carrier proteins are used to transport specific substances such as amino acids and sugars down their concentration gradient.
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active transport
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the transport of a substance across the cell membrane against its concentration gradient
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sodium-potassium pump
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transports three sodium ions, NA+, out of a cell and two potassium ions, K+ into the cell.
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endocytosis
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The movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle.
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exocytosis
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The movement of a substance by a vesicle to the outside of a cell.
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receptor protein
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a protein that binds to a specific signal molecule, enabling the cell to respond to the signal molecule.
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secondary messenger
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when activated acts as a signal molecule in the cytoplasm.
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