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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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when does a human embryo show development of distinctive features?
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at about 7 weeks after conception
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What are 3 of the points of Development for animals?
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metamorphosis
gamete production embryonic development |
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What are the 4 stages of Embryonic development?
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Fertilization of embryo
Cleavage- blastula Gastrulation - gastrula Organo Genesis - tail-bud embryo |
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what is a model organism?
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Simple animal for study
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What prevents inter-species fertilization?
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surface proteins on egg and spem
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When is acrosomal reaction is triggered ?
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when the sperm meets the egg
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How does the sperm fertilize the egg
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Acrosome breaks surface
Depolerization fertilization envelope |
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What changes block sperm after a fertilization?
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increase of Ca inside egg
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Egg activation
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Ca rise
Nucleus merge Cleavage begins |
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What is below the follicle cells of the egg?
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Zona pellucida
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Cleavage partitions the cytoplasm of one large cell into many smaller cells called_______________________.
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blastomeres
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Wha is the name of the fluid filled cavity of the blastula?
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blastocoel
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Animal pole
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the blastocoel side of the cleavaging zygote
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The side of the zygote with more yolk is the ____?
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vegetal pole
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What is the Difference in:
Holoblastic cleavage, Meroblastic cleavage, |
Holoblastic cleavage, =less yolk
Meroblastic cleavage = more yolk |
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Morphogenesis involves:
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Gastrulation
Organogenesis |
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What is created from;
Ectoderm endo derm Mesoderm |
Ectoderm-skin
endo derm - Skeletal muscle system Mesoderm -Digestive system |
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Archenteron
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Newly formed cavity
primitive gut tube |
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For deuterostomes what does the arcenteron become?
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the anus
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the primitive streak creates what?
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mesoderm
ectoderm |
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What is the blastocyst made of?
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Trophoblast
Blastocoel Inner cell mass |
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Extraembryonic Mebrane
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Yolk sac
Allantois chorion amnion |
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amnion
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fluid filled sac
protects from desication |
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chorion
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gas exchange
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Allantois
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n-waste removal
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yolk sac
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nutrients
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notochord forms from _______
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mesoderm
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the stages of the neural plate
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ectoderm
neural fold neural tube spinal cord and brain |
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Neural crest cells develop along the neural tube of vertebrates and forms
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nerves, parts of teeth, skull bones, and so on
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Mesoderm lateral to the notochord forms blocks called ____.
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somites
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Lateral to the somites, the mesoderm splits to form the _______.
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coelom (body cavity)
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cytoskeleton
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a major force in changing cell shape during development
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neuralation
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Microtubuals reorient to fold ectoderm
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convergent extention
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cells come together to become longer
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Programmed cell death is also called __________.
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apoptosis
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_____________ is the term used to describe the process by which a cell or group of cells becomes committed to a particular fate
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Determination
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____________ refers to the resulting specialization in structure and function
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Differentiation
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_________are diagrams showing organs and other structures that arise from each region of an embryo
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Fate maps
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What are the animal parts called in biology:
head tail top Bottom |
head - antierior
tail - Posterior top - Dorsal Bottom -Ventral |
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totipotent
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(can develop into all the possible cell types)
aka stemcells |
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how long is mammal embryo totipotent?
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8-cell stage
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Induction
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cells influence other cell development.
Patern formation Position formation |
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ZPA
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Zone of Polarizing activity
Determin limb formation |
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The dorsal lip functions as ...
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an organizer of the embryo body plan
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