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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which nucleic acid carries the blueprint for an organism's traits? |
DNA |
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Who discovered the DNA model? |
Watson & Crick |
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Genes contain instructions for assembling . . . |
Proteins |
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What are the 3 parts of an RNA nucleotide? |
ribose, phosphate group, uracil |
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Types of proteins produced in a cell are regulated by . . . |
the order of nucleotides in DNA molecules. |
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Which RNA type is involved in transcription? |
messenger RNA |
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Which molecule carries attached amino acids? |
tRNA |
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Quickly describe what happens during translation. |
Proteins are produced at the ribosome. |
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Mutations that occur within a DNA sequence are . . . |
Natural processes that produce genetic diversity. |
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An inheritable mutation may occur if an organism has a change in its . . . |
DNA structure |
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What are the 3 parts of the DNA nucleotide? |
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base (ATCG) |
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What holds the DNA ladder together? |
Weak hydrogen bonds between bases that are easily broken during transcription. |
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What is the importance of sequence in DNA? |
Determines sequence in amino acids, which determines the protein build, which determines a trait |
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List the steps of transcription. |
1)DNA unzips 2)Copy of DNA template is made called mRNA 3)mRNA travels out of nucleus into ribosome 4)DNA strands zip back up |
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List the steps of translation. |
1)mRNA enters ribosome 2)As codons travel thru the ribosome, a tRNA molecule's anticodon matches up w/ it. tRNA molecule brings an amino acid. 3)Amino acids combine to form proteins 4)Once stop codon is reached, protein is released. |
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What is a codon? |
A set of 3 nitrogen bases. |
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Define mutation. |
A change in the DNA sequence |
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What are the 3 types of point mutations? |
insertion, substitution, and deletion |
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Which type of mutation has the least effect on the outcome of the protein? |
Least: substitution Most: insertion and deletion (frame-shift mutations) |
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What is frameshift mutation? |
the term used to describe when base pairs shift and codons are read wrong as a result of a point mutation. |
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What are the 3 categories of outcomes from a mutation? |
1) no effect 2)beneficial 3)harmful |
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How can a mutation be inherited? |
If it occurs in the gametes (sex cells) |
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If you wanted to clone someone, what part of their cell would you need? |
The nucleus of a body (somatic) cell |
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What can recombinant DNA be used for? Give an example. |
To make genetically modified organisms. Ex: insulin producing bacteria |
