Biology 3101 C: Unit 5-7

Front 1

Refers to the relative changes in the characteristics of populations that occur over successive generations

Back 1

Evolution

Front 2

A particular structure, physiology or behavior that helps an organism survive and reproduce in a particular environment.

Back 2

Adaptation

Front 3

The form of a trait(s): or significant deviations from the normal biological form, function or structure.

Back 3

Variation

Front 4

Process where the characteristics of a population of organisms changes because individuals with certain heritable traits survive specific local environment conditions and pass on their traits to their offspring.

Back 4

Natural selection

Front 5

For this to occur there must be diversity within a species

Back 5

Natural selection

Front 6

In this, a plant or animal breeder selects individuals to breed for the desired characteristics he or she wishes to see in the next generation. Simplified: human selection of a particular trait(s).

Back 6

Artificial selection

Front 7

Artificial selection examples

Back 7

Disease-resistant plants, cows that produce more milk, race horses that run faster

Front 8

The total of all the genes in a population at any one time.

Back 8

Gene pool

Front 9

It was thought that body parts that were used extensively would become larger and stronger, for example, a blacksmith would develop a larger biceps in the arm in which he holds his hammer.

Back 9

The idea of "use and disuse".

Front 10

Body parts that were used extensively to cope with conditions is called what

Back 10

The inheritance of acquired traits

Front 11

The remains and traces of past life found in sedimentary rocks, which has layers that correspond to time periods.

Back 11

Fossil record

Front 12

The study of of geographical distribution of spieces

Back 12

Biogeography

Front 13

Provides information about how and when species may have evolved

Back 13

Biogeography

Front 14

This is body parts in different species that have the same evolutionary origin, but have different structures and functions (E.g. wing and arm bones)

Back 14

Homologous structures

Front 15

This is body parts in different species that have similar function but evolved sperately ( incect wings and bird wings) they are similar in function but not in structure.

Back 15

Analogous structures

Front 16

This is body parts that were functional in a species'ancestors, yet appear to no longer have current functions (e.g. pelvic bones in Baleen whales)

Back 16

Vestigial structures

Front 17

The study of embryos which has been used to determine evolutionary relationships among animals.

Back 17

Embryology

Front 18

- Organisms produce more offspring than can survive, and therefore organisms compete for limited resources.

- Individuals of a population cart extensively & much of this variation is heritable.

-Those individuals that are better suited to local conditions survive & produce offspring.

-Processes for change are slow & gradual.

Back 18

Factors that govern natural selection

Front 19

The study of fossils, which also provides important clues that help to develop the theory of evolution.

Back 19

Paleontology

Front 20

A population that is reproductively compatible and members of the population can interbreed and produce viable, fertile offsprings.

Back 20

Biological spieces

Front 21

This is the formation of a species, which is a continuous process.

Back 21

Speciation

Front 22

The two pathways that lead to the formation of a new species:

Back 22

Transformation and Divergence

Front 23

A species can be a result of accumulated changes over long periods of time such that one species is transformed into another.

Back 23

Transformation

Front 24

This is in which one or more species arises from a parent species that continues to exist.

Back 24

Divergence

Front 25

Things such as rivers which prohibit interbreeding because they keep species reproductivly isolated even when their ranges overlap

Back 25

Geographical barriers

Front 26

This is diversification of a common ancestral species into a variety of species, all of which are differently adopted. The speciation of finches throughout the Galapagos islands is an example of this

Back 26

Adaptive radiation

Front 27

This is a pattern of evolution in which species that were once similar to an ancestral species diverge or becomes increasingly distinct.

Back 27

Divergent evolution

Front 28

The evolution process in which similar traits arise in two or more species because each species has independently adapted to similar environmental conditions, not because they have a common ancestor. (example birds & bees have wings, yet they have different ancestors)

Back 28

Convergent evolution

Front 29

The evolution process in which two species of organisms that are tightly linked (eg predators & prey) evolve together, each population responding to changes in the other population.

Back 29

Coevolution