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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The study of the composition and properties of matter
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Chemistry
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Anything that has mass and volume
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Matter
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What are 3 subatomic particles that make up an atom? Electrical charge?
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proton +
neutron + - electron - |
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What is composed of 2 or more atoms chemically combined? 2 or more different atoms?
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Molecule
Compound |
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Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
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Isotopes
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Force that holds atoms together
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Chemical bonding
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Type of chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons
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Covalent bond
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Type of chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons
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Ionic Bond
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Substance composed of a single type of atom
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Element
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What is the most important property of water?
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Polar molecule
has + and - on the ends |
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Molecules w/ an unequal distribution of electrically charged particles such as water molecules.
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polar molecule
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what holds polar molecules together?
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Hydrogen Bonds
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An atom that loses or gains electrons
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Ion
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What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
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Cohesion is the attraction of like substances, and adhesion is that attraction of different substances.
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What type of molecule doesn't dissolve in water?
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nonpolar molecules
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What is the range of an acid form on the pH scale?
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0-7
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What is the range of a base form on the pH scale?
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7-14
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What does an acid form when dissolved in water?
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Hydrogen Ions
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What does a base form when dissolved in water?
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Hydroxide Ions
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Contains carbon atoms that are covelant bonded to other atoms
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Organic compound
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4 types od organic compounds found in living things are..
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carbohydrates, proteins, acids, and lipids
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What are the 3 groups of carbohydrates?
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monossaccharides
disaccharides polysaccharides |
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What are 3 types of polysaccharides?
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starch, cellulose, and glycogen
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Name 3 types of lipids:
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fats, oils, waxes
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What 2 types od molecules join together to form a lipid?
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fatty acids and glycerol
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What is the difference between a sat. fatty acid and an unsat. fatty acid?
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saturated- all carbon atoms joined by a single bond
unsaturated- 1 double bond joining carbon atoms |
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what is the basic building block of protein?
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Amino Acids
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What is the type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions?
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Enzymes
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What element does protein contain that lipids and carbohydrates don't contain?
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Nirtrogen
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What are two types of nucleic acids?
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DNA
RNA |
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What is the basic building block of nucleic acids?
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Nucleotide
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What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
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5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
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What does DNA do?
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Sotres genetic information
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What does RNA do?
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Helps make protein
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Which contains more energy per gram - carbohydrate or lipid?
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Lipid
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A mixture of 2 or more substances made up of a solvent and solute
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Solution
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Capacity for doing work
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Energy
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A process in which one or more substances are changed into others
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Chemical Reactions
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What type of energy is needed to start a chemical reaction?
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Activation energy
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What is the substance that an enzyme reacts with called?
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Substrate
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What is the part of the enzyme to which the substrate binds?
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Active Sites
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