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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are waxes? |
long-chain FAs with long-chain alcohols. Protection for plants and animals |
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What factors influence membrane fluidity? |
1. Temperature. high T = fluid, low T = rigid 2. Cholesterol = increase fluidity at low T and decreases fluidity at high T 3. High saturation = rigid High unsaturation = fluid |
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Types of membrane proteins |
1. Integral = transmembrane + embedded 2. Peripheral = membrane-associated. Associated with lipid rafts or with other integral proteins |
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Define passive transport |
Transport across the membrane WITH the concentration gradient deltaG<0 |
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What are three examples of passive transport |
Simple diffusion = nonpolar things Osmosis = water flows through membrane, solute cannot Facillitated diffusion = carrier or channel proteins moving things down concentration gradient |
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Define active transport |
Transport across the membrane AGAINST the concentration gradient deltaG>0 Protein required for tranpsport |
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Primary active transport vs Secondary active transport |
Primary = use ATP as energy Secondary = coupled transport. one molecule goes down electrochemical gradient moving another up the gradient |
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Describe what the Sodium-Potassium pump does and why it does it |
3 Na out 2 K in Goal = keep K in, Na out Maintain NEGATIVE resting potential by pumping a net positive out |
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What distinguishes the IMM from other biological membranes? |
Contains cardiolipin instead of cholesterol |
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What is the pH gradient between the cytoplasm and the intermembrane space of mito? |
0 Remember the OMM is porous whereas the IMM is not |
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What is special about the nuclear membrane? |
It is continuous with the ER |
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What is the nucleolus? |
Site of ribosome assembly Where rRNA is synthesized |
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What is the cristae and function |
The foldings of the IMM increase surface area so you can have more proteins for ETC |
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What is the function of the RER and SER |
RER = many ribosimes. Proteins are secreted into the lumen of RER SER = lipid/membrane synthesis hormone synthesis detoxification of drugs and poison transports proteins from RER lumen to golgi |
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What is the function of the golgi? |
Receives proteins from ER for modification or secretion 1. adds molecular motifs 2. adds signal sequences 3. Packages proteins into secratory vesicles |
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What are the function of peroxisomes? |
Contains H2O2 Beta oxidation degredation of very long chain FAs contains some enzymes of the pentose pathway |
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Describe microfilaments |
Actin Motor = myosin important in cleavage in cytokinesis |
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Describe microtubules |
Tubulin 9 + 2 (9alpha beta + 2alpha alpha) Kinesin = towards plus end (PM) Dynein = towads minus end (nucleus) important for cilia and pflagella |
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Describe intermediate filaments |
Involved in structural support, cell-cell adhesion, anchor organelles |
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Describe tight junctions |
Form a collar around a cell and link cells within a single layer Limit permeability. common in epithelial cells Connect PMs of neighboring cells |
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Describe desmosomes |
Bind adjacent cells by anchoring their cytoskeletons cadherins connect IFs of one cell to IFs of another |
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Describe hemidesmosomes |
Connect epithelial tissue to their basement membrane |
