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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Frederick Griffith Experiment
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Griffith worked with the bacterium Streptococcus pneunomiae. He studied two strains, one a virulent strain that caused pneumonia and death in injected mice and the other a mutant, nonvirulent strain that allowed injected mice to survive. When debris of dead virulent cells was mixed with nonvirulent cells, some o the nonvirulent cells became virulent. This means that some type of molecule in the debris carried the genetic information for virulence.
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Avery, MacLeod & McCarty Experiment
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Summary of their experiment, proving that DNA is the hereditary molecule.
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Transformation
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The conversion of cells from one state to another, when DNA released to the environment by cell breakdown is taken up by recipient cells.
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Replication
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DNA making exact copies of itself. Allows the genetic information from one DNA molecule to be copied into that of another DNA molecule. Critical because it allows DNA to pass genetic info from cell to cell. Must be exact or harmful mutations could occur
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Mutation
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A change in the genetic information in DNA.
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
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Carries all genetic information for organisms.
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Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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An intermediary molecule for DNA, since DNA cannot leave the nucleus. Used for protein synthesis.
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Central Dogma
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The flow of information from DNA --> RNA --> protein.
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Transcription
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First process in the central dogma. Genetic information of DNA is used as a template to generate a molecule of RNA. Highly regulated.
PROKARYOTES: occurs in cytoplasm EUKARYOTES: occurs in nucleus |
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Gene Expression
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The production of a functional gene product so that that gene is expressed. Genes are turned on and off, meaning that they are sometimes expressed but sometimes aren't expressed, depending on the organisms needs.
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Translation
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Second step in the central dogma. A molecule of RNA is used as a code for the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Highly regulated.
PROKARYOTES: occurs in cytoplasm EUKARYOTES: occurs in cytoplasm (difference in location allows for more regulation) |
