Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the code in our bodies that tells each cell what to do and how to do it?
|
A genetic code
|
|
|
What is the molecule that carries the genetic code?
|
DNA
|
|
|
What is DNA made of?
|
Nucleotides
|
|
|
Nucleotides are made of what three things?
|
~A 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
~Phosphate ~Nitrogeneous base |
|
|
What four scientists who discovered the structure of DNA?
|
~Rosalind Franklin
~James Watson ~Francis Crick ~Erwin Chargaff |
|
|
What does the structure of a DNA strand look like?
|
A double helix (a twisted ladder)
|
|
|
What make up the "sides" of the "ladder" of the DNA double helix?
|
The deoxyribose and phosphates
|
|
|
What makes the "rungs" of the ladder?
|
Nitrogeneous Bases
|
|
|
Name the four nitrogeneous bases
|
Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine
|
|
|
What are the Purine Nitrogeneous Bases?
|
Adenine and Guanine
|
|
|
What are the Pyrimidine Nitrogeneous bases?
|
Cytosine and Thymine
|
|
|
What is it called when two bases form together to become one "rung" of the ladder?
|
Base Pairing
|
|
|
What is it called when DNA copies itself?
|
Replication
|
|
|
What are the four steps of Replication?
|
1. Enzymes break the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs to "unzip" the two strands
2. Each seperated strand acts as a copy of teh opposite strand 3. Enzymes insert the appropriate bases to link the new sugar-phosphates together 4. Enzymes "proofread" the bases to make sure they are paired correctly |
|
|
Where is the information for proteins located?
|
DNA
|
|
|
What acts as a messenger between DNA and rribosomes in the process of protein synthesis?
|
RNA
|
|
|
What are the differences between the STRUCTURE of DNA and RNA?
|
1. The sugar in RNA is ribose (not deoxyribose)
2. RNA is single-stranded (only one sided ladder) 3. RNA has the base Uracil instead of Thymine |
|
|
What are the three types of RNA?
|
~Messenger RNA (mRNA)
~Transfer RNA (tRNA) ~Ribosomal RNA |
|
|
What is transcription?
|
Transcription: Process by which a molecule of DNA is copied, in a complementary strand of RNA (called mRNA)
|
|
|
What is Translation?
|
The decoding of mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein)
|
|
|
Where does transcription take place?
|
Nucleus
|
|
|
Where does translation take place?
|
Cytoplasm (in ribosomes)
|
|
|
What does transfer RNA do?
|
It carries amino acids to the ribosomes where amino acids are joined together to form polypeptides.
|
|
|
What is an anticodon?
|
The three tRNA nucleotides that are complementary to three nucleotides on the mRNA.
|
