Transcription is a process which information from DNA is converted into its RNA equivalent which also refers to the synthesis of RNA copy of information encoded on DNA. The same principles of transcriptional regulation apply to both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Transcription involves in access of transcription apparatus to DNA, recognition of promoter sequences, initiation of RNA synthesis, elongation of RNA, and termination. Transcriptional in eukaryotes is more complex compared to prokaryotes especially multicellular organisms
In DNA transcription, the short segments of chromosomes are turned into messages, mRNA that carries information from short stretch of DNA. In the cells of more complex organisms which have more genes the fraction of genes in use is smaller. Different cells of multicellular organisms express different selection of genes depending on their specialized roles. An opening reading frame is any sequence of bases in whether DNA or RNA that could encode protein but doesn’t …show more content…
Difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes in Protein synthesis.
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Polycistronic mRNA Monocistronic mRNA
Coupled transcription-translation possible Not possible
Linearly polyribosome Circular polyribosome
No cap on mRNa 5’end of mRNa recognized by the cap Start codon is next AUG after ribosome biding site No ribosome binding site
First amino acid is formyl-Met First Met is unmodified
70S ribosomes (30S and 50S subunit) 80S (40S and 60S)
Small 30S : 16S rRNA and 21 proteins Small 40S : 18S rRNA and 33 proteins
Large 50S: 23S and 5S rRNA plus 31 protein Large 60S : 28S, 5.8S and 5S rRNA puls 49 proteins
Elongation factors: EF-T and EF-G Elongation factors: eF1 and eF2
Initiation factors : IF1, IF2, and IF3 Multiple, eIF2, eIF3, eIF4, and eIF5
Shut-off by dimerization of ribosomes in non-growing cells. Control via eIF sequestration
Table
In DNA transcription, the short segments of chromosomes are turned into messages, mRNA that carries information from short stretch of DNA. In the cells of more complex organisms which have more genes the fraction of genes in use is smaller. Different cells of multicellular organisms express different selection of genes depending on their specialized roles. An opening reading frame is any sequence of bases in whether DNA or RNA that could encode protein but doesn’t …show more content…
Difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes in Protein synthesis.
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Polycistronic mRNA Monocistronic mRNA
Coupled transcription-translation possible Not possible
Linearly polyribosome Circular polyribosome
No cap on mRNa 5’end of mRNa recognized by the cap Start codon is next AUG after ribosome biding site No ribosome binding site
First amino acid is formyl-Met First Met is unmodified
70S ribosomes (30S and 50S subunit) 80S (40S and 60S)
Small 30S : 16S rRNA and 21 proteins Small 40S : 18S rRNA and 33 proteins
Large 50S: 23S and 5S rRNA plus 31 protein Large 60S : 28S, 5.8S and 5S rRNA puls 49 proteins
Elongation factors: EF-T and EF-G Elongation factors: eF1 and eF2
Initiation factors : IF1, IF2, and IF3 Multiple, eIF2, eIF3, eIF4, and eIF5
Shut-off by dimerization of ribosomes in non-growing cells. Control via eIF sequestration
Table