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50 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What are the photosynthetic protists called?

Algae

What are two common characteristics that most all protists share?

They like to live in moist habitats, and they are microscopic in size

What are the 3 major types of ecological roles that protists play?

algae


protozoa


and fungus-like

What is a monophyletic group?

a species descended from a single common ancenstor

What do heterotrophic protists do?

They absorb small organic molecules by ingesting prey

The protozoa known as ciliates, consume smaller single celled algae known as __________.

Diatoms

True/False: Fungus-like protists and fungi are related.

False: they are not related, but their structures are an example of convergent evolution

True/False: Protists live in every type of wet environment on earth, including antarctic ice caps and smoldering hot springs.

True- they've very durable

Protists that float in fresh or salt water are called _____________.

Plankton

Most protists live within periphyton, what is this?

This is a grouping of a bunch of microorganisms held together by mucilage and attached to rocks or something on the sea floor.

What is macroalgae?

Seaweed

Would a larger protists likely use flagella for movement? Why?

No because they are not powerful enough to keep larger bodies from sinking

What are the tiny hairlike extensions on the outside of some protists called?

cilia

What would a larger protist likely use for movement? Flagella or Cilia?

Cilia

Which Eukaryotic Supergroup contains both animal and fungal protists?

Opisthokonta

What protist supergroup originiated first?

Excavata

What is it called when small food particles are ingested through feeding grooves?

phagocytosis

Explain the process of Endosymbiosis:

a symbiotic association in which a smaller species known as the endosymbiont lives within the body of a larger species known as the host.

The evolution of phagocyosis was an important step toward the evolutionary process known as _____________________.


Endosymbiosis

Euglenoids, state 3 main characteristics that make them unique from other protists -->

  1. They have flexible protein strips on the bottom of their membrane that make them flexible enough to climb through mud
  2. they are sometimes green, and photosynthetic
  3. have a red eye-spot that detects light and lets them know where suitable environments for photosynthesis are located

What heterotrophic excavate protists are named for their large mass of DNA?

Kinetoplastids

What protist group does the physical characteristic of feeding grooves identify?

Excavata

Describe the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary endosymbiosis:

primary: when the host cell captures cyanobacteria by phagocytosis but they do not eat them.


secondary: when the Eukaryotic host cell ingests and retains another Eukaryotic cell.


tertiary: the addition of a eukaryotic cell with secondary plastids

What is the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic?

A Eukaryot is a "true nucleus" (which includes animals and plants) because a membrane encloses the nucleus. A Prokaryot does not have a membrane enclosing it's nucleus.

What Domain are Protists in?

Eukarya

What are the 5 Protists Supergroups?

  1. excavata
  2. chromalveolata
  3. rhizaria
  4. unikonta
  5. archaeplastidia

What are the most structurally and functionally diverse of the Eukaryotes?

Protists

What is osmotrophy?

the uptake of small organic molecules across the cell membrane followed by their digestion

What type of protist movement involves a protrustion of the cytoplasm to create a pseudopod?

Amoeboid Movement

What defense mechanism helps prevent osmotic damage and increases flotation in water?

Slimy mucilage

What are the 4 major types of defense mechanisms?

cell coverings, sharp projectiles, light flashes, and toxic compounds

Food Storage


Starch is stored in the ____________ of green algae.

plastids

Food Storage


Starch is stored in the ____________ ____________ of euglenoids.

cytoplasmic polysaccharides

Food Storage


Starch is stored as _______ ____________ in diatom cells.

oild droplets

The conversion from a trophozoite to a cyst is know as....

encystation

What is the advantage for a protist (or a trophozoite: actively feeding) to become a cyst?

They can remain dormant for long periods of time and live in harsher conditions

All protists are able to reproduce ___________ by mitotic cell divisions.

asexually

What type of life cycle to unicellular protists have?

Zygotic

What type of life cycle do multi-cellular protists have?

Sporic

Diatoms, which provide food to aquatic animals, display what kind of life cycle?

Gametic

What organisms have tertiary plastids?

certain dinoflagellates

Which informal ecological group of protists includes photoautotrophs?

algae

Sexual reproduction conjugation occurs mostly in what type of protists?

Cillia

What is conjugation?

the fusion of a macro and micro nuclei that go through a series of meiotic divisions to produce pronuclei, but only one of these pronuclei will survive, the rest will disintegrate

What are the 3 generations of red algae?

  1. free-living
  2. haploid gametophytes
  3. diploid carposporophytes, and diploid tetrasporophytes.

What would happen if diatoms only reproduced asexually?

They wouldn't achieve maximum cell size. Sexual reproduction allows them to reach their largest size

Where does Rhodophyta store it's starch?

in the cytoplasm

What is Stramenopila?

straw-like hairs on flagella

What's Oomycota?

water molds/ fungus-like


What are 3 characteristics of Amoeboza?

  1. single-celled
  2. have pseudopodia
  3. heterotrophic