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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the photosynthetic protists called? |
Algae |
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What are two common characteristics that most all protists share? |
They like to live in moist habitats, and they are microscopic in size |
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What are the 3 major types of ecological roles that protists play? |
algae protozoa and fungus-like |
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What is a monophyletic group? |
a species descended from a single common ancenstor |
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What do heterotrophic protists do? |
They absorb small organic molecules by ingesting prey |
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The protozoa known as ciliates, consume smaller single celled algae known as __________. |
Diatoms |
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True/False: Fungus-like protists and fungi are related. |
False: they are not related, but their structures are an example of convergent evolution |
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True/False: Protists live in every type of wet environment on earth, including antarctic ice caps and smoldering hot springs. |
True- they've very durable |
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Protists that float in fresh or salt water are called _____________. |
Plankton |
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Most protists live within periphyton, what is this? |
This is a grouping of a bunch of microorganisms held together by mucilage and attached to rocks or something on the sea floor. |
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What is macroalgae? |
Seaweed |
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Would a larger protists likely use flagella for movement? Why? |
No because they are not powerful enough to keep larger bodies from sinking |
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What are the tiny hairlike extensions on the outside of some protists called? |
cilia |
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What would a larger protist likely use for movement? Flagella or Cilia? |
Cilia |
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Which Eukaryotic Supergroup contains both animal and fungal protists? |
Opisthokonta |
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What protist supergroup originiated first? |
Excavata |
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What is it called when small food particles are ingested through feeding grooves? |
phagocytosis |
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Explain the process of Endosymbiosis: |
a symbiotic association in which a smaller species known as the endosymbiont lives within the body of a larger species known as the host. |
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The evolution of phagocyosis was an important step toward the evolutionary process known as _____________________. |
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Euglenoids, state 3 main characteristics that make them unique from other protists --> |
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What heterotrophic excavate protists are named for their large mass of DNA? |
Kinetoplastids |
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What protist group does the physical characteristic of feeding grooves identify? |
Excavata |
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Describe the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary endosymbiosis: |
primary: when the host cell captures cyanobacteria by phagocytosis but they do not eat them. secondary: when the Eukaryotic host cell ingests and retains another Eukaryotic cell. tertiary: the addition of a eukaryotic cell with secondary plastids |
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What is the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic? |
A Eukaryot is a "true nucleus" (which includes animals and plants) because a membrane encloses the nucleus. A Prokaryot does not have a membrane enclosing it's nucleus. |
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What Domain are Protists in? |
Eukarya |
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What are the 5 Protists Supergroups? |
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What are the most structurally and functionally diverse of the Eukaryotes? |
Protists |
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What is osmotrophy? |
the uptake of small organic molecules across the cell membrane followed by their digestion |
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What type of protist movement involves a protrustion of the cytoplasm to create a pseudopod? |
Amoeboid Movement |
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What defense mechanism helps prevent osmotic damage and increases flotation in water? |
Slimy mucilage |
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What are the 4 major types of defense mechanisms? |
cell coverings, sharp projectiles, light flashes, and toxic compounds |
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Food Storage
Starch is stored in the ____________ of green algae. |
plastids |
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Food Storage
Starch is stored in the ____________ ____________ of euglenoids. |
cytoplasmic polysaccharides |
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Food Storage
Starch is stored as _______ ____________ in diatom cells. |
oild droplets |
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The conversion from a trophozoite to a cyst is know as.... |
encystation |
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What is the advantage for a protist (or a trophozoite: actively feeding) to become a cyst? |
They can remain dormant for long periods of time and live in harsher conditions |
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All protists are able to reproduce ___________ by mitotic cell divisions. |
asexually |
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What type of life cycle to unicellular protists have? |
Zygotic |
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What type of life cycle do multi-cellular protists have? |
Sporic |
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Diatoms, which provide food to aquatic animals, display what kind of life cycle? |
Gametic |
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What organisms have tertiary plastids? |
certain dinoflagellates |
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Which informal ecological group of protists includes photoautotrophs? |
algae |
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Sexual reproduction conjugation occurs mostly in what type of protists? |
Cillia |
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What is conjugation? |
the fusion of a macro and micro nuclei that go through a series of meiotic divisions to produce pronuclei, but only one of these pronuclei will survive, the rest will disintegrate |
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What are the 3 generations of red algae? |
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What would happen if diatoms only reproduced asexually? |
They wouldn't achieve maximum cell size. Sexual reproduction allows them to reach their largest size |
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Where does Rhodophyta store it's starch? |
in the cytoplasm |
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What is Stramenopila? |
straw-like hairs on flagella |
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What's Oomycota? |
water molds/ fungus-like |
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