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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Systemic Anatomy
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study of body by systems, used most often by introductory textbooks
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Regional Anatomy
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study of organization of the body by areas, in which all systems are studied simultaneously
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Surface Anatomy
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study of external features such as bony projections, which serve as landmarks to locate deeper structures
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Anatomical Imaging
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creates pictures of internal structures using x-rays, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and other technologies
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MRI
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Physiology
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scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things
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Human physiology
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study of a specific organism, the human
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Cellular physiology
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study of the physiology of a cell
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Chemical level of structure
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the interactions between atoms and their combinations into molecules
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Cells
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Basic living unit of all plants and animals
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Tissue
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group of cells with similar structure and functions plus the extracellular substances located between them
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Organs
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two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions
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Organ system
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group of organs classified as a unit because of a common function or set of functions
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Organism
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any living thing considered as a whole, whether composed of one cell(bacterium), or trillions of cells(human)
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Negative-feedback Mechanism
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Maintain homeostasis; Any deviation from a normal value is made smaller or is resisted, not preventing variation, but maintains variation within a normal range
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Anatomical position
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person standing erect with feet forward, arms hanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward
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Anatomical Position: Superior
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above, or closer to the head; used in comparison of body part locations
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Anatomical Position: Inferior
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below, or closer to the feet
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Anatomical Position: Anterior
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towards the front, or the front itself
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Anatomical Position: Posterior
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back or towards the back
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Planes: Sagittal
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vertical plane through the body, separating right from left
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Plane: Midsagittal
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divides sagittal plane into two equal halves
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Plane: transverse (or) horizontal
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plane running parallel to the ground and divides body into superior and inferior parts
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Plane: frontal (or) coronal
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runs vertically from left to right, divides body into posterior and anterior
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Plane: Longitudinal
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Cuts through long axis of an organ
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Plane: cross (or) transverse section
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cut parallel to ground in an organ
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Plane: Oblique section
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Cut into an organ at anything other than a right angle across the long axis (diagonal cut)
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Body Region: Arm
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region from shoulder to elbow
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Body Region: forearm
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region from elbow to wrist
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Body Region: thigh
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region from hip to knee
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Body Region: leg
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from knee to ankle
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Body Region: thorax
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chest
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Body Region: pelvis
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associated with hips; pelvic girdle area
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Thoracic Cavity
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surrounded by rib cage, separated from abdomen by muscular diaphragm
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Mediastinum
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a partition dividing the thoracic cavity into two parts; contains heart, thymus gland, trachea, esophagus, and other structures
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Abdominal Cavity
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bounded by abdominal muscles and contains stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys
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Pelvic Cavity
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small space enclosed by bones of pelvis and contains urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, and internal reproductive organs
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Serous membranes
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a thin sheet consisting of epithelium and connective tissue that lines cavities not opening to the outside of the body; secretes serous fluids
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Visceral serous membrane
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membrane in contact with the organ
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Parietal Serous Membrane
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part of serous membrane not in contact with organ; exterior of serous-fluid-filled serous membrane
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Pericardial Membrane
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serous membrane surrounding heart
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Pleural cavity
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cavity containing lungs within thoracic cavity; between visceral and parietal pleura and is filled with pleural fluids
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Mesentery
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double-layered membrane connecting the visceral peritoneum of many abdominopelvic organs to the parietal peritoneum
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Retroperitoneal
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abdominopelvic organs without mesentery
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Positive-feedback responses
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when a deviation from a normal value occurs, the response of the system is to made the deviation even greater; e.g. contractions when giving birth
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Body Region: abdomen
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between chest and hips
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Homeostasis
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existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body
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Organelle
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small structure contained with a cell that performs one or more specific functions; e.g. nucleus
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Peritoneal Cavity
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abdominopelvic cavity that is serous membrane-lined
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Pericardial Cavity
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space surrounding heart; located between visceral and parietal pericardia and containing pericardial fluid
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