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207 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1st degree Burn
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affects only the epidermis
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2nd Degree Burn
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Blisters epidermis and upper region
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3rd Degree Burn
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Destroys the entire thickness of the skin (regeneration is not possible with this burn)
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abdominal pelvic(abdominopelvic) cavity
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inferior to the diaphragm; organs are stomach, liver, intestines which are superior pelvic cavity organs are the reproductive organs, bladder and rectum
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achondroplasia
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dwarfism w/o cartilage growth
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acidic
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lower than 7 on Ph scale higher H+
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acidosis
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blood Ph < 7.35 your Ph goes down like when you hold your breath
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Active Passive
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Needs Energy (Phagocytosis & Pinocytosis)
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active transport
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an energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane and up the concentration gradient 1) phagocytosis 2) pinocytosis 3) active transport carries
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acute
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rapid onset and short duration
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adipocyte
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are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat
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alkaline
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higher than 7 on Ph scale lower H+
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alkaline tide
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why you feel tire after a full meal
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alkalosis
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pH is higher than 7 on the pH scale
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anabolism
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building up (rx=reaction)
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anatomy
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the study of the structure and shape of the body; how it works; STRUCTURE
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Angora
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head - facial hair (grows continually) ex: axillary, pubic, skin, eyebrows
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anterior
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directional term toward the front; ventral; chest is anterior to the back
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anterior/ventral
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toward or at the front of the body
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arthritis
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inflammation of the joints due to wear and tear
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atom
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protons neutrons electrons
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ATP
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Adenosine Triphosphate (energy)
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blood pH
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7.35 to 7.45
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breakdown of electrons - energy levels
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1st energy level = 2e-. 2nd energy level = 8e-, 3rd energy level = 8e-
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bursitis
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inflammation of the bursae (little fluid filled sac associated with the synovial joints) ex. water on the knee
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carbs
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made up of CHO carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
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Cardiovascular system
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Blood, heart
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cartilage
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is avascular ( w/o blood vessels), does not grow back, found throughout the body three types 1)hyaline cartilage 2) fibrocartilage 3)elastic cartilage
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cartilage joints
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functional amphiorthitic ~~ slightly moveable ~~ like the pubic symphysis
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catabolism
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breaking down rx (reaction)
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centrioles
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direct cell division
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chondroblast
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cartilage cell
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Chondrocyte
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bone cell and cartilage
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chronic
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long onset and long duration
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classification of bones
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long~femur - humerus, short~carpal of wrist - torsal, flat~sternum - ribs- skull bones, irregular~vertebra, seamoid~patella
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connective tissue
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types 1)areolar (loose), 2)adipose (fat - breast), 3) bone, 4) blood (vascular), 5) cartilage, 6) reticular (spleen/ bone marrow)
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coronal section
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two equal halves front, anterior | back, posterior
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covalent
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When atoms share electrons
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cranial cavity
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the space inside the bony skull; organ is the brain which is protected
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Cytology
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Study of cells
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Decubitis
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Bed sores
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deep
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away from the surface; lungs are deep in the rib cage
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diaphragm
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dome like muscle that separates thoracic cavity from abdominopelvic cavity
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Diaphragm separates
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The Thoracic cavity from the Abdominal and Pelvic Cavities
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Diffusion
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Movement of particles from High to Low concentration anything but h2o (liquid to gas, gas through gas) passive transport
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Digestive system
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Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestines
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dislocation
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when a bone is forced out of normal position
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Distal
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Furthest from the starting point
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DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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DNA - Admine attaches with
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Thymine (Uracil replaces Thymine in RNA)
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DNA - Guanine attaches with
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Cytosine
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elastic cartilage
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where a structure with elasticity is desired external ear
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electrons
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e- | has three energy level, 2e- in 1st level, 8e- max in 2nd level and 8e- max in 3rd level
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Endocrine Glands
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Hormonal - directly secreted into the blood - ex: pituitary, pancreas, thyroid, adrenals, sex (testes & ovaries)
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Endocrine System
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Special, vision, hearing, taste, touch
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endoplasmic reticulum
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connects to the nucleus| smooth & rough|
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Epidermis Layers (Stratum Layers)
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1. Corneum (dead cells) 2. Lucideum (dead cells) 3. Granulosum (dead & live cells mixed - considered living) 4. gerinatiuum (basale & spinosum (last 2 layers) - actively growing)
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epithelial tissue does
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covers & lines body structure - 2 classification simple(single layer) & stratified (more than one layer made from the basement upward)
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epithelial tissue layers (2)
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1. Simple one layer (single) 2. Stratified more than one layer
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Excorine Gland
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non-hormonal subs into a duct or tube or chamber - not directly into blood stream; ex: saliva, sperm, enzymes, tears
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external
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outside
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extracellular
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outside cell
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fats
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made up of CHO carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
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Fibro
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between disks
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fibrocartilage
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found in a disk shape, forms the cushion like disk of the vertebrae, the knee joint has two meniscus
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fibrous joints
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functional synarthitic ~~ immovable joints ~~ like the sutures of the skull
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Filtration
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Water or solutes are forced through a membrane (passive transport)
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four tissue type
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epithelial(covering), connective(support), muscle(movement), nervous(control)
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fractures is
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to break a bone or cartilage
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frontal / coronal planes
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cut along lengthwise that divides the body into front and back
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function of skeletal system - bones
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levers for muscle attachments-- storage bank for Ca and phosphorus; 65% calcium and 35% living organic matter -- support -- hemopoiesis
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functions of the skeletal system
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1)support - provides the framework for the body 2) movement - levers for muscle attachment 3) protection - skull for brain vertebrae for spinal cord ribs/sternum for heart and lungs 4)storage - bank for Ca & Phosphorus~~minerals 5)hematopoiesis - blood cell formation
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functions of the skin (8)
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1. covers and protects 2. helps control body temperature 3. prevents the loss of essential chemicals 4. receive stimuli (touching) 5. stores chemicals 6. excretes H2O, salts, urea (nitrogenous waste) 7. synthesizes vitamin D 8. immunes system indicator
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Gastric Juice (stomach) pH
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1 to 2
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Glucose
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simplest form of sugar
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Golgi baclies
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glue
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gouty arthritis (gout)
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build up of uric acid in the blood | metabolism problem
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gross
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what you can see with your naked eye
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group of elements called halogens
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astatine, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine-- become an ion and ending changes from 'ine' to 'ide'
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haversian system
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in the compact bone blood feeds blood growth it has 1) haversian canal, 2) Volkmann's canal ~~ used to send and retrieve blood, 3) lacunae ~~ which houses the osteocytes, 4) osteocytes ~~ mature blood cell 5) lamellae ~~ hard rings between the bone cells, 6) canaliculi ~~ little canals that connect the lacunae
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hemolysis
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blood burst
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hemopoiesis
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blood formation (marrow) -- made in the spongy bone
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Histology
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Study of Tissues
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homeostasis
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body trying to reach a dynamic state of equilibrium; the same standing still
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horizontal / transverse plane
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cut along the middle of the body - giving supirior and inferior
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How many body organs and name all of them?
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11- Integumentary (skin); Skeletal (bones); Muscular (muscles); Nervous (nerves); Endocrine (vision, hearing, taste, touch); Cardiovascular (heart); Lymphatic (Lymphoid, Liver); Respiratory (lungs); Digestive (stomach, small & Large intestines); Urinary (waste); Reproductive (Off spring)
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Humans have __ (__ pairs) Chromosomes?
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46 (23 pairs)
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hyaline cartilage
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most widespread we start as this embryonic skeleton, found at the end of long bones and ribs ~~ articular cartilage lines the joints
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Hydrogen Ion
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acid
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hypertonic
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a concentrated solution, with a lower water concentration than the cell — the cell will lose water by osmosis it will shrink
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hypotonic
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a dilute solution, with a higher water concentration than the cell — the cell will gain water through osmosis ~~ hemolysis (blood burst)
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inferior
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directional term toward the feet/tail; caudal; navel is inferior to the breast bone
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Inorganic
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Comes from non-living things (salts, calcium, minerals)
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Integumentary system
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Skin, hair, and nails
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intercellular
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in between cell
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internal
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inside
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intracellular
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within cell
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ion
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a charge particle
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ionic bonding
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when e- completely transfer form one atom to another example; NaCl table salt Na= 11p+ 12n0 11e- Cl=17 p+ 18n0 17e- becomes ions by give one Na e- to Cl e- to balance out the outmost energy level making it an ion a charge particle
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isotonic
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"a solution with exactly the same water concentration as the cell — there will be no net movement of water across the cell membrane.
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isotopes
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have the same number of protons and electrons but vary in the number of neutrons
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itis
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inflammation of
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joints
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are articulations
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Keratinizing Epithelium
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Outer skin - wax like substance (keratin) which makes us waterproof, keeps out bacteria, protective, does not absorb nutrients
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kyphosis
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outward curvature of the thoracic vertebra (hunchback)
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Lanugo
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fetal hair (mainly in premie babies) fine/silky hair
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lateral
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away from the midline of the body; arms are lateral to the chest
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List the major functions of the Skeletal systems?
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Support, Protection, Movement, Storage, Blood Cell Formation
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lordosis
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an inward curvature of the lumbar vertebra (gymists)
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Lymphatic system
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lympnoids. Liver, immune system
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lysozomes burst
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breakdown
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malacia
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softening of
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medial
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toward the midline of the body; heart is medial to the arm
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medial / midsagittal section
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two equal halves right | left sides of the body
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mediastinum
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everything else where the pericardial & pleural do not exist; houses the trachea, and other visceral organs
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meiosis
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cell division of sex cells; haploid (N); male meiosis = 2N - 4 good N(sperm); female meiosis = 2N - 1 good N(egg) 3 die off
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Meissner's Corpuscles
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light touch
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melanin
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a pigment that ranges form yellow to brown to black gives skin pigmentation, protects against UV rays
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Melanocyte
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cell that produces melanin
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Melanoma
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Skin Cancer (worst kind of cancer)
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metabolic acidosis
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loss of acids (hydrogen ion)
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metabolic alkalosis
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accumulation of acid (hydrogen ion)
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metabolism
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the sum of all chemical reaction
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metastasis
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the spread of cancer from the original tumor to other parts of the body through blood or lymph
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microscopic
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what can be see w/ through a microscope (light passes through speciman)
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mitochondrion
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contains DNA produces ATP
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mitosis
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cell division of non sex cells ; diploid (2N) daughter cell make two which make two which make two
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monosaccharide
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one sugar
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Mucous
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thick slimmy mucosa
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muscle tissue
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attached to bone | three types 1) skeletal --voluntary control you made decision ~ 2) smooth -- involuntary control bulk of our organs & blood vessels, lymph vessel, stomach craps ~ 3) cardiac- only in heart involuntary
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Muscular system
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All types of muscle
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Name four (4) basic types of tissues and give examples of where each would be found?
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epithelial (covers and lines body inside & out, outer layer skin and inside mouth); Connective (everywhere -bone & cartilage- Protecting, supporting, & binding together); Muscle - skeletal - muscles attached to skeleton (voluntary control); smooth muscle - Muscle found in the walls of stomach, uterus (involuntary control); Cardiac - heart tissue (involuntary control)
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Name the Body Cavities
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The Dorsal and Ventral
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Name the different types of Organic?
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Carbs, proteins, fats
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Name three (3) types of Muscles?
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Skeletal Muscle - attached to skeleton; Cardiac Muscle - only found in heart; Smooth Muscle - found in the walls of hollow organ's (stomach, uterus, and blood vessels)
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negative feedback mechanism
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most homeostasis controls mechanism are this; the response is opposite; i.e. you get hot and you sweat to cool off
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nervous system
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Brain, spinal cord, nervous system
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nervous tissue
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made of nerve cells called neurons
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neutrons
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n0 neutral particle
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Non-Keratinizing Epithelium
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inner skin - not protective (mouth, vagina) sugar will go into your blood through this skin
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organelles
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are in the cytoplasm they are mitochondrion; ribosomes; ER endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi baclies; lysozomes burst; centrioles
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Organic
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Comes from living things (tends to be larger) contains carbon
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Osmosis
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Movement of water from High to Low concentration (passive transport)
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osteoarthritis
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inflammation of the bone joint (wear and tear arthritis) affects the articular cartilages (genetic through family)
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Osteoblast
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Young bone cell (bone forming cells)
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osteocyte
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a mature bone cell
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osteomalacia
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vitamin D deficiency in adults | dietary related
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osteoporosis
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demineralation of the bone (due to normal change)
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Pacinian Corpuscles
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harder touch
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palmar
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pertains to the palms
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Passive Transport
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means moving molecular substances across membranes, does not involve chemical energy, dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane, which, in turn, main kinds of passive transport are diffusion (movement of particles from high to low concentration), filtration and osmosis ( movement of water from high to low concentration.
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pericardial
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around (peri) the heart (cardial)
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pH
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a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution; the symbol for hydrogen ion concentration | scale 0 to 14, 7 neutral
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pH scale
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a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution; the symbol for hydrogen ion concentration | scale 0 to 14, 7 being neutral
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phagocytosis
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active transport; cell eating of solids - engulfing & ingestion of bacteria
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physiology
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study of how the body and it's part's work; FUNCTION
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pinocytosis
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active transport; cell drinking of liquids - engulfing & incoropate droplets of fluid
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plantar
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pertains to the feet
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pleural
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pertaining to the lungs
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positive feedback mechanisms
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rare; the response is an enhancement to the first set of events; blood clots and birth
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posterior
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directional term toward the back; dorsal; heart is posterior to the breast bone
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posterior/dorsal
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toward the back or at the back side of the body; behind
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prone
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upright sitting or standing horizontal w/face downward | cat on all 4 is prone
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proteins
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made up of CHON carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen | nitrogenous wastes comes from them urea/uric acid | amino acid makes them
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proton and hydrogen ion
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are the same thing
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protons
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p+ | determine the atomic number| have a positive charge| in the atoms nucleus
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proximal
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near origin/close to the origin of the body part/ the point of attachment
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Psoriasis
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dry patch of skin
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Regulates Bone Metabolism (Dietary) - Vitamins and Mineral?
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Vitamins - A (maintains balance between osteoblast & osteoclast); C (collagen); D (need to absorb calcium); Mineral - Calcium; phosphorus
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Regulates Bone Metabolism (Hormonal) - Parathormone and Calcitonin?
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Parathormone - from the parathyroid gland, increases bone resorption (puts calcium into blood) Calcitonin - from your thyroid gland, decreases bone resorption (increases calcium into bone)
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Reproduction system
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Exists to primarily produce off spring
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respiratory acidosis
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resulting from reduced gas exchange
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respiratory alkalosis
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resulting from increased gas exchange
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Respiratory system
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Lungs
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rheumatoid arthritis
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found by blood test and autoimmune disease| bone will fuse together to stop mobility at joints| chronic inflammoratory | RA
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ribosomes
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make protein are attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum
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rickets
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vitamin D deficiency in children | dietary related
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RNA
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Ribonucleic Acid
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RNA Admine attaches with
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Uracil which replaces Thymine in RNA
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sagittal plane
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cut along the body lengthwise making right and left
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scoliosis
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abnormal lateral curve of the spine/vertebrae
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sensor receptors
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most are in the dermis; Meissner's corpuscles= light touches; pancician corpuscles = deep pressure touches hand shakes
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serous
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watery fluid
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seven types of fractures
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simple transverse, simple oblique, spiral, comminuted, hairline, greenstick, impacted,
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shared/covalent bonding
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H2O example of electrons {+ charge on one side - charge on the other atom bond/attract to become stable
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simple transverse fracture
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clean break
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Skeletal Systems
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Bones
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spinal cavity
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extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of vertebral column the spinal cord is a continuation of the brain is protected by the
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sprain
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joint that has been twisted
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Submicroscopic
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See with electro microscope (passes a beam of electrons through specimen to take picture)
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superficial
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toward or at the surface; skin is superficial to the skeleton
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superior
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directional term toward the head; cranial; forehead superior to the nose
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supine
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on back laying w/ face upward
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Synovial fluid
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provides a slippery weight-bearing film that reduces friction, provides nourishment to the cartilage
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synovial joints
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functional diarthritic ~~ freely movable complex ~~ 5 different type 1) ball & socket -- hip and shoulder, 2) hinge -- knee only moves one way, 3) gliding/plane -- slide together carpals and torsal, 4) ovoid/condyloid -- wrist, 5) pivot -- atlas and axis in the neck radialhumeral joint in the elbow
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Systemic Lupus Enthematosis
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Autoimmune disease destroys own collagen (connective tissue)
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tendonitis
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the inflammation of a tendon
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thoracic cavity
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separated by the diaphragm ; organs --heart & lungs-- somewhat protected by the rib cage; pericardial & pleural
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transverse or cross section
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two equal halves head, top, superior | bottom, foot, inferior
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True or False - Burns can be local or Systemic (whole body)
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TRUE
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Urinary system
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Kidneys filter out nitrogus wastes from Protein
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Urine pH
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5 to 9 Full Range; 5 to 7.5 or 8 is normal range
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wart
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benign non-cancerous epithelial tumor caused by a virus
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What are the Dorsal body cavity sections and how many are there?
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2 - Spinal (spinal cord); Cranial (brain)
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What are the two (2) major fractures types?
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closed (simple) fracture - does not break through skin; open (compound) fracture - bone penetrates through the skin
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What are the Ventral body cavity sections and how many are there?
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3 - Thoracic (pericardial, pleural) Abdominal; Pelvic - mainly reproductive
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What is the role of Melanin?
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Gives skin pigmentation, Protects against UV Rays
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