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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heterozygous
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Having two different alleles for a given gene
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homozygous
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Having two identical alleles for a given gene
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alleles
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Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
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genotype
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The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism
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phenotype
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The physical and physiological traits of an organism, that are determined by its genetic makeup.
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dominant allele
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An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote.
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recessive allele
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An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote.
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Punnett square
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A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization in genetic crosses.
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gene
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A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses).
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haploid cell
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A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n).
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diploid cell
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A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.
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Gamete
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A cell involved in sexual reproduction and contains only one copy of each chromosome. In mammals it refers to both egg and sperm cells.
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Characteristics of DNA
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double helix
bonded by Hydrogen bonds 5' to 3' Soluble in H20 Precipates in Ethanol Denatures @ high temperatures 4 bases Adenine (red) Guanine(yellow) Thymine (green) Cytosine (uricil) (blue) Used for genetic sequencing base by base analysis Fragment analysis - (genotyping) Exons make genes Introns (in between) are removed |
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PCR
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Electrophoresis
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separate molecules by size charge and shape.
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