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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the two types of signal proteins
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hormone proteins and hormone receptors
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coordinate the organisms activities by acting as signals between cells
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hormone proteins
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what do transport proteins do
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carry molecules from place to place
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what is the transport protein that carries oxygen in the blood
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hemoglobin
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what are sensory proteins doing
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detecting enviornmental changers
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what are the defensive proteins called
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antibodies
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what is ovalbumin
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storage protein
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what are proteins shapes
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folded into complex globular shape
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what are proteins composed of
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one or more chains of amino acid monomers
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what links amino acids together
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peptide bonds
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what are protein polymers also called
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polypetide
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each back bone of the amino acids are the same. what is different in each amino acid
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the "R" group
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what are the two types of protein folding
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alpha and pleated sheet
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what does the secondary structure alpha or pleated result from
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h bonds
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why are h bonds resulting in the secondary structures of protein
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because of the oxygen and nitrogens ability to be very electronegative
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what is the tertiary structure resulting from
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interactions among the R groups
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what is a quaternary structure resulting from
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the combo of two or more polypeptide subunits
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example of quarternary structure
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hemoglobin
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a tertiary structure is not directly dependent on what type of bond
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peptide
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what are the three classifications of amino acids
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acidic, basic, neutral
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Acidic amino acids have acidic R groups. soluble or in
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highly soluble
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Basic amino acids have basic R groups. soluble or in
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highly soluble
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polymers mean
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many parts
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monomers mean
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one part
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how do biological polymers form
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by condensation reactions
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after the condensation reactions what is formed
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water molecules
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what type of protein are amino acids structurally
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monomers
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monomers + monomers form
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polypeptide or polymers
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what are the two functional groups in an amino acids
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carboxyl and amino
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what determines the proteins structure and function
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the sequence of amino acids joining
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what is the opposite of a condensation reaction
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hydrolysis
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what does hydrolysis do
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reduces a polymer to a monomer
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what happens after hydrolysis breaks a polypetide into its component amino acids
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the amino acids are released
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which part of an amino acid is always acidic
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the carboxyl functional group
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why is carboxyl always acidic
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because the oxygen pulls atoms away from the hydrogen so it loses a proton
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which monomers make up RNA
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nucleic acids
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what is removed from a carboxyl group of an amino acid
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hydroxyl
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what is removed from the amino group when undergoing a condensation reaction
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hydrogen
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when food molecules are broken down what is the process called
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hydrolysis
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macromolecules are also called
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polymers
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how are monomers also joined amino acids are joined by condensation reactions so
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linking monomers are called dehydration synthesis
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what catalyzis the dehydration synthesis
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polymerase enzyme
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what catalyzes hydrolysis
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hydrolase enzyme
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