Biology 1.1

Front 1

What is, "the process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today"?

Back 1

Evolution

Front 2

What does Biology mean?

Back 2

The scientific study of life.

Front 3

What are the 7 properties of life?

Back 3

Order, Regulation (blood flow), Energy Processing, Evolutionary Adaptation, Growth and Development, Response to the environment, Reproduction.

Front 4

What is the term for new properties that airse with each step upward in the hierarchy of life -- owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases?

Back 4

Emergent Properties

Front 5

True or False: Emergent properties are unique to life.

Back 5

False

Front 6

What is the reduction of complez systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study?

Back 6

Reductionism

Front 7

What are the levels of biological organization from big to small?

Back 7

Biosphere, ecosystem, communities, populations, organisms, organs and organ systems, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules

Front 8

What is an approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems?

Back 8

Systems Biology

Front 9

How is systems biology useful?

Back 9

Good models help predict how a change in one or more variables will affect other components and whole system.

Front 10

True or False: Systems biology is relevant to the study of life at some levels

Back 10

False: It is true on ALL levels.

Front 11

What are the 2 major processes of any ecosystem?

Back 11

Cycling of nutrients- ex. minerals from a tree will be returned to the soil by organisms that decompose leaf litter, dead roots, and debris.
Energy Flow

Front 12

True or False: The exchange of energy between an organism and its surroundings often involves the transformation of one form of energy to another.

Back 12

True.

Example: Plants use sunlight as energy and convert to chemical energy stored in sugar molecules.

Front 13

True or False: Structure and function are not correlated at all levels of biological organization

Back 13

False: They're correlated at all levels

Front 14

True or False: Cells are an organism's basic units of structure and function

Back 14

True

Front 15

True or False: The activities or organisms are sometimes based on activities of cells

Back 15

False. The activities of cells are the basis for activities of organisms as a whole.

Front 16

What is the name for the cell that lacks a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles?

Back 16

Prokaryotic

Examples: Bacteria and archaea

Front 17

What is the name for the cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelle?

Back 17

Eukaryotic.

Ex: protists, plants, fungi, animals

Front 18

True or False: In most eukaryotic cells, the largest organelle is the nucleus.

Back 18

True.

Front 19

What is the cytoplasm?

Back 19

The entire region between the nucleus and outer membrane of the cell.

Front 20

What does DNA stand for?

Back 20

deoxyribonucleic acid

Front 21

What are the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring?

Back 21

genes

Front 22

True or False: Chromosomes carry all the genetic material.

Back 22

False: ALMOST all. Chromosomes carry DNA

Front 23

True or False: DNA controls the development and maintenance of the entire organimsm and everything it does.

Back 23

True. DNA is the central database.

Front 24

What makes up DNA?

Back 24

a double helix made up of two chains made up of a combination of four nucleotides.

Front 25

What are neucleotides?

Back 25

Chemical building blocks that give our body information on what a cell's function is.

Front 26

What has the ability to speed up (catalyze) specific chemical reactions?

Back 26

enzymes

Front 27

True or False: DNA provides the blueprints, proteins serve as the tools that build and maintain the cell and carry out activities

Back 27

True

Front 28

What is RNA?

Back 28

ribonucleic acid. Functions in protein sysntesis, gene regulation, and as the genome of some viruses.

Front 29

True or False: All RNA in the cell is translated into protein.

Back 29

False. Some RNA are components of cellular machinery that manufactures protein. Also they help regulate the functioning of protein-coding genes.

Front 30

What is the definition of a genome?

Back 30

A sort of genetic library. For people and animals, that's DNA. For some bacteria and viruses, it's RNA.

Front 31

What are the four nucleotide monomers with ribose sugar and nitrogenous bases?

Back 31

(A) adenine
(C) cytosine
(G) guanine
(U) uracil.

they're usually single stranded

Front 32

What is negative feedback?

Back 32

When accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process.

Example: ATP let's the body know through negative feedback when it has made enough ATP

Front 33

What is positive feedback?

Back 33

an end product speeds up its production.

EX: when you get a cut, platelets go and clot the cut. The platelets release a chemical that attract MORE platelets to pile up until it is finally clot.

Front 34

What is a ribosome?

Back 34

A comlex of rRNA (ribosome RNA) and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein syntesis in the cytoplasm.