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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anything capable of causing disease is a
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pathogen
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name the four main types of pathogens
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viruses, bacteria, fungi, animals
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definition of viruses and examples
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pieces of genetic material wrapped in protein coats (measles, polio, flu)
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name the three types of bacterial damage
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direct feeding on tissue, exotoxin, endotoxin
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what is exo and endotoxin?
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exotoxin-bacteria don't do damage, toxin does
endotoxin-bacteria itself are toxic |
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how do fungi do damage? give 2 examples
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direct feeding (athlete's foot, ring worm)
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how do animals do damage?
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mainly worms, elephantitis
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Name the 5 1st line defenses.
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skin, mucus, stomach acid, lysozyme, symbiotic bacteria
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How do pathogens get through the 1st line defense of skin?
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through cuts or breaks; ingest, breathe in, eyes, sexually
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what is lysozyme?
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kills bacteria; found in human eyes and dog saliva
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Name the main 8 2nd line defense mechanisms your body has.
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neutrophil, macrophage, eosinphils, basophils, mastophil, interleukin II, cytokines
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What does neutrophil do?
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makes up 60-70 percent of white blood cells; phagocytosize anything thats not you. (viruses, bacteria)
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What do macrophages do?
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big eaters, live for weeks, can eat about 100 times more than neutrophil, initiate 3rd line defense
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What do eosinophils do?
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fight worm infections, stick to worm and inject with lethal chemical
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What do basophils do?
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produce histamines, initiate inflammatory reactions.
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What are the "weapons" of basophils?
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prostaglandins and pyrogens
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What do prostaglandins do?
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constrict arteries
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What do pyrogens do?
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cause fever
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What do histamines do?
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dialate arteries and constrict veins, make capillaries more permeable
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What is mastophil do?
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chemical ammunition factories
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What is anaphalactic shock?
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systemic dumping of histamines as a result of an allergy. May be fatal.
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What is septic shock?
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overproduction of histamines in response to an overwhelming bacteria attack. (appendix bursting)
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What is interleukin II?
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supposed to make you feel sick so you can rest
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What are cytokines?
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attract other white blood cells to infection area
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The course of the disease depends on what three things?
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1.adaptations by pathogen to get around defenses.
2.reproductive rate of the pathogen 3. how much direct damage the pathogen does. |
