Biology 1015 Virginia Tech

Front 1

Autotroph is ___ that___

Back 1

An organism; can convert energy from solar radiation and store the energy as organic molecules

Front 2

Which of the following processes is/are required for the complete oxidation of glucose?

Back 2

All: krebs cycle, glycolysis, pryuvate oxidation, chemiosmosis

Front 3

Before pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle in the __, it is decarboxylated, oxidized, and combined with coenzymeA, forming acetyl CoA, carbon dioxide and one molecule of ___

Back 3

Mitochondrial matrix; NADH

Front 4

The pathway through which glucose is degraded to pyruvate is called:

Back 4

glycolysis

Front 5

The process of splitting larger molecules into smaller ones is an aspect of metabolism called:

Back 5

catabolism

Front 6

The reaction of __ take place within the cytosol of eukaryotes

Back 6

glycolysis

Front 7

fermentaion

Back 7

does not require oxygen

Front 8

Which of the following statements about pyruvate is NOT true?

Back 8

its a protein

Front 9

During the strenuous muscle activity, the pyruvate in muscle cells may accept hydrogen from NADH become ___

Back 9

Lactate

Front 10

In the first step of the krebs cycle acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form:

Back 10

Citrate

Front 11

Which of the following is a major source of electrons for the electron transport chain in the krebs cycle

Back 11

NADH

Front 12

A net profit of 2ATP can be produced anaerobically from the __ of one molecule of glucose, however, 38 ATP can be produced by ___

Back 12

fermentation; aerobic respiration

Front 13

How is most of the energy produced in the ___ of glucose?

Back 13

Oxidation; oxidative phosphorylation via the electron transport system and chemiosmosis

Front 14

Beta-oxidation refers to the use of ___ from ___ that enter intermediary metabolism by being converted to ____

Back 14

2 carbon units; fatty acid chains; acetyl Co-A

Front 15

Can cellular respiration occur without oxygen

Back 15

Yes but it requires an alternative to oxygen as the final electron acceptor

Front 16

Which of the following molecules is a dinucleotide?

Back 16

NAD+

Front 17

Which of the follow statements best describes how the cell produces so much ATP?

Back 17

NADH and FADH2 pass their electrons to an ETS which drives proton pumps that moves H+ protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the inner mitochondrial space through ATP synthase back into the mitochondrial matrix to be recycled

Front 18

What was the key finding from Griffith's experiment?

Back 18

Genetic material can be transferred from dead to live bacteria

Front 19

Which of the following is not a component of DNA

Back 19

the pyrimidine

Front 20

Chargaff studied the composition of DNA from many different sources and found that

Back 20

The proportions of A equal that of T and G equals C

Front 21

In the famous Hershey-Chase experiment with bacteriophages

Back 21

Viral DNA was shown to enter bacterial cells and cause the production of new viruses within the bacteria

Front 22

Each separate DNA strand has a backbone that consists of alternating:

Back 22

Deoxyribose and phosphodiester bond linage

Front 23

The bonds that hold two complementary strands of DNA together are:

Back 23

Hydrogen bonds

Front 24

The basic mechanism of DNA replication is ___ with two new molecules ___

Back 24

Semiconservative; one molecule being a new DNA strand and the other molecule an old strand

Front 25

One common feature of all DNA polymerase is that they:

Back 25

Synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction

Front 26

Meselson and stahl demonstrated the ___ nature of DNA replication using isotopes of ___ based on their experiment, how many bands of DNA would have been present after 6 rounds of replication?

Back 26

semiconservative; nitrogen; 2 bands

Front 27

Watson and Crick determined the structure of DNA__

Back 27

By constructing a physical model based on available data from other labs

Front 28

Multiple origins of replication:

Back 28

speed up replication of eukaryotic chromosomes

Front 29

topoisomerases___

Back 29

Untangled knots that have formed as part of the DNA synthesis process

Front 30

okazaki fragments are found in___

Back 30

the lagging strand

Front 31

the synthesis of telomeres

Back 31

requires telomerase which uses an internal RNA template

Front 32

which type of enzyme would be involved in excision repair of DNA?

Back 32

endonuclease

Front 33

A replisome contains primase (T/F) helicase (T/F) gyrase (T/F) and ___

Back 33

T; T: F; two DNA polymerase III

Front 34

A replisome is a ____ speed DNA replication organelle (T/F) and the error rate is ___ errors per chromosome

Back 34

Higher; T; 1

Front 35

precessivity is the ability DNA polymerase III attached to the template while the new strand is being formed. Which of the following enables processivity to occur?

Back 35

Beta-sliding clamp

Front 36

Binary fission in prokaryotes does not require the:

Back 36

Assembly of nuclear membrane

Front 37

chromatin consists of

Back 37

DNA and protein

Front 38

Mytomycin C is an anticancer drug that stops cell division by inserting itself into DNA strand and binding them together. This action has its major effect in ____

Back 38

s phase

Front 39

What is the role of cohesion proteins in cell division?

Back 39

They hold the DNA of the sister chromatids together

Front 40

The kinetochore is a structure that functions to:

Back 40

Connect the centromere to microtubules

Front 41

Chromatids separate into chromosomes___

Back 41

Going from metaphase to anaphase

Front 42

Which of the following Best describes the relationship between DNA and a chromosome?

Back 42

The double helix represents an entire chromosomes

Front 43

walking proteins are responsible for ____ the kinetochore toward the ___

Back 43

pulling; centriole

Front 44

The activity of cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdks) is regulated by:

Back 44

The periodic was and wane cyclins

Front 45

In animal cells cytokinesis is accomplished by a contractile ring containing actin. The related process in bacteria is:

Back 45

Separation via a ring o Fts-Z protein which is tubulin-like in structure

Front 46

At what stage in the cell cycle is the cell irreversible committed to DNA replication?

Back 46

G1 to S phase

Front 47

If the p53 gene mutates and forms an abnormal p53 protein the most likely outcome is

Back 47

The inability to stop mitosis and cancer development

Front 48

You are conduction an undergraduate research project on crustacean zooplankton in our local Duck Pond. You are specifically interested in the sexual dimorphism between males and females of C. virginiatechus. Spring is coming and all you have collected all winter are females. Suddenly in early april the population doubles but there are no males. The next week the population has increased 100X and still no males. The following week, it has expanded by 100000X and still no males. The best answer to this is?

Back 48

The explosion of density in females is due to parthenogenesis

Front 49

Growth factor was discussed in lecture. These molecules function as ____ and have the ability to ____

Back 49

Ligands; override checkpoints that inhibited cell division

Front 50

The HER receptor was discussed in lecture. If it mutates, which of the following is the likely outcome?

Back 50

The receptor is left in the on position the biochemical pathway does not stop uncontrolled cell division results