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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four steps involved in food processing by the animal digestive system? |
1. ingestion 2. digestion 3. absorption 4. elimination |
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In animals, what are three waste products from catabolism of proteins? |
water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia |
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What are the three mechanisms involved in the breakdown of food in animals with a complete digestive system? |
1. upper digestive system - involved in mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic breakdown of food 2. lower digestive system - involved in absorption of nutrients and elimination of wastes 3. associated glands - secrete enzymes and emulsifiers into the digestive tube |
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Name, in order the 7 components of the digestive tube/alimentary canal. |
1. oral cavity 2. pharynx 3. esophagus 4. stomach 5. small intestines 6. large intestines 7. anus |
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Which layer of the digestive tube is made mostly of epithelia? |
mucosa |
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Which layer of the digestive tube is made mostly of connective tissue? |
submucosa |
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Which layer of the digestive tube is made mostly of muscle? |
muscularis |
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Does a cow have upper "buck teeth" like a horse? |
no |
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Do chickens have soft keratin lips like humans? |
no |
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In the esophagus - as well as the small intestine and most of the large intestine, how are the muscle layers arranged to move food and digesta along (hint - Annelids)? |
The muscle layers are arranged circularly and longitudinally. |
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If the protease name ends in ...ogen it is? |
inactive |
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If the protease name ends in ...sin it is? |
active |
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In a glandular stomach, what are the three types of epithelial cells and their respective secretory product? |
1. mucous cells - mucous 2. parietal cells - acid 3. chief cells - proteases |
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Which part of the alimentary canal is modified the most to increase the surface area? |
The small intestine. |
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In the avian alimentary canal, what are two unique structures that facilitate rapid foodconsumption without teeth/mechanical breakdown of the food (gulp and runs lifestyle). |
Avians have developed a crop and a stomach that can perform both chemical andmechanical breakdown of food. |
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An alkaline mucous is secreted into which part of the small intestine? |
Duodenum |
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Which part of the intestine is mostly involved in water removal/absorption? |
Large intestine |
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What organ gets the first “taste” of nutrients as well as toxins absorbed in theintestines? |
The liver. |
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Which nutrient/biological molecule is broken down in the lumen of the intestines andthen re-assembled in the Golg/ER of the enterocyte? |
Fatty acids |
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Which accessory digestive gland makes hydrolases and which makes bile (a fatemulsifier)? |
Liver. |
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Name the organ that produces and secretes insulin and glucagon and note which ofthese hormones is anabolic and which is catabolic? |
Pancreas insulin is anabolic glucagon is catabolic |
