Biology 100 Chapter 9

Front 1

Milotic Phase M

Back 1

the contents of the nucleus (mainly the duplicated chromosomes) are evenly distributed to two daughter nuclei, and the cytoplasm divides into 2

Front 2

S phase

Back 2

DNA synthesis occurs in S phase. At the beginning of the phase, each chromosome is single. At the end of the phase each chromosome consists of 2 sister chromatids

Front 3

interphase

Back 3

This accounts for 90% of the cell cycle. it is a time of high metabolic activity. the cell grows by producing proteins and organelles, and chromosomes are replicated

Front 4

Mitosis

Back 4

cell division of the nucleus occurs. the chromosomes that have been replicated are distributed to two daughter nuclei

Front 5

G2

Back 5

G2 is a phase of metabolic activity and growth. during this phase the cell makes its final preparations for division.

Front 6

G1

Back 6

the cell grows by producing proteins and organelles

Front 7

Cytokinesis

Back 7

cytoplasm divides into two

Front 8

Prophase

Back 8

The centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelopes breaks up

Front 9

Metaphase

Back 9

the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell

Front 10

Anaphase

Back 10

sister chromatids separate and begin moving towards opposite poles of the cell

Front 11

Telophase

Back 11

the chromosome arrives at the poles and nuclear envelope

Front 12

Cytokinesis

Back 12

At the end of mitotic M phase, the cytoplasm divides

Front 13

genetics

Back 13

study of physical inheritance among living things

Front 14

Chromosomes

Back 14

structural unit containing art or all of an organis's genome, consisting of DNA and its associated proteins (chromatin). the human genome is made up of 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 chromosomes in all

Front 15

Chromatin

Back 15

a molecular complex, composed of DNA and associated proteins, that makes up the chromosomes of eukaryotic organisms

Front 16

chromatid

Back 16

one of the two identical strands of chromatin (DNA plus associated proteins) that make up a chromosome in its duplicated state

Front 17

homologous chromosmes

Back 17

chromosomes that are the same in function and hence size. species that are diploid (have two sets of chromosomes) have matching paris of homologous chromosomes; one member of each homologous pari is inherited from one male, the second member of each homologous pair is inherited from the female.

Front 18

karyotype

Back 18

a pictorial arrangement of a full set of an organism's chromosomes

Front 19

binary fission

Back 19

1. bacterial cell starts with a single, circular chromosome. 2. the chromosome replicates and the daughter chromosomes attach to different sites on the plasma membrane. 3. cell membrane and wall grow an extension between the attachment points of the two chromosomes. 4. the cell wall and membrane join together in the middle, resulting in two new cells.