Biology 1 Honors

Front 1

Biology is the study of ________?

Back 1

Life

Front 2

All organisms possess DNA. What is the function of DNA?

Back 2

Store and transmit genetic material

Front 3

What is homeostasis?

Back 3

Stable state of internal conditions

Front 4

Define ecology.

Back 4

Study of the interactions of organisms and their living/ unliving enviornments

Front 5

What are the smallest units that can carry on all the functions of life?

Back 5

Cells

Front 6

Define hypothesis.

Back 6

An idea or explanation based on facts

Front 7

When can a scientific theory be changed?

Back 7

When new evidence is found

Front 8

A light microscope has an objective lens of 10x and an ocular lens of 20x. What would the total magnification be?

Back 8

200x

Front 9

What is all matter in the universe composed of?

Back 9

Atoms

Front 10

How many atoms can carbon react with due to its valence electrons?

Back 10

4

Front 11

The concentration of a _____ is determined by the amount of solute in a fixed amount of solution.

Back 11

Solute

Front 12

A water molecule is polar because hydrogen and oxygen atoms are?

Back 12

uneven

Front 13

Hydrogen bonding causes these characteristics of water:

Back 13

Capillarity, adhesion, cohesion, surface tension

Front 14

All organic compounds come from?

Back 14

Carbon

Front 15

Carbon is different from many other elements in that?

Back 15

It can readily form covalent bonds with other elements

Front 16

Sugar is classified as which type of organic compound?

Back 16

Carbohydrate

Front 17

Long chains of amino acids are found in?

Back 17

Proteins

Front 18

Lipids are polar or nonpolar?

Back 18

Nonpolar- share even # of electrons

Front 19

Nucleic acids include?

Back 19

DNA-RNA

Front 20

Smallest unit of life?

Back 20

Cells

Front 21

When the volume of a cell increases what happens to its surface area?

Back 21

Slowly increases

Front 22

One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that?

Back 22

Prokaryotes lack a nuclear membrane and membrane bound organelles

Front 23

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell.

Back 23

Archaebacteria, eubacteria

Front 24

The functions of the plasma membrane are?

Back 24

act as a barrier, regulate organelles, regulate what enters and leaves the cell.

Front 25

A particularly active cell may contain large numbers of what?

Back 25

mitochondria

Front 26

What organelle is responsible for the production of ATP?

Back 26

mitochondria

Front 27

Where are proteins produced?

Back 27

ribosomes

Front 28

As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances eventually...

Back 28

reach equillibrium

Front 29

Diffusion takes place in what direction?

Back 29

high-low/ down the concentration gradient

Front 30

Which type of cell transport does not expend energy?

Back 30

Passive transport

Front 31

The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called?

Back 31

Osmosis

Front 32

The molecules go from a high to low concentration gradient. What process is this?

Back 32

Diffusion

Front 33

Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by?

Back 33

endocytosis

Front 34

Heterotrophs are organisms that cannot

Back 34

make their own food

Front 35

Why is the sun considered the ultimate source of energy for life?

Back 35

gives energy to the producers to aid photosynthesis

Front 36

Chlorophyll is green because?

Back 36

it is a pigment that reflects green light

Front 37

What is the major atmospheric byproduct of photosynthesis?

Back 37

oxygen

Front 38

The process of cellular respiration breaks down _____ to release stored ________.

Back 38

Sugar; energy

Front 39

When does fermentation occur?

Back 39

when oxygen isn't present

Front 40

C6H12O6+6O2+ADP+P---6CO2+6H2O+molecule A

The process shown in the equation above begins in the cytoplasm of a cell and ends in the?

Back 40

mitochondria

Front 41

C6H12O6+6O2+ADP+P---6CO2+6H2O+molecule A

The equation above summarizes the process known as?

Back 41

cellular respirtation

Front 42

Why would a plant have chloroplasts and mitochondria in its cells?

Back 42

they aid in photosynthesis and respirtation

Front 43

In order to fit within a cell DNA becomes more compact by?

Back 43

coiling around into a double helix shape

Front 44

What is the total number of chromosomes in a human egg cell?

Back 44

23

Front 45

What is the correct sequence of the cell cycle?

Mitosis, Cytokinesis, G1, G2, S

Back 45

G1,S,G2,Mitosis, Cytokinesis

Front 46

Difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?

Back 46

clevage ferrow

Front 47

Who is the "father" of genetics?

Back 47

Gregor Mendal

Front 48

True breeding pea plants produce how many forms of a trait?

Back 48

1

Front 49

How is Mendel's original pure strain represented?

Back 49

the p generation; dominant homozygous and recessive homozygous

Front 50

What is the passing of traits from parents to offspring called?

Back 50

Heredity

Front 51

What is phenotype?

Back 51

visual representation of a genotype

Front 52

An individual that has two recessive alleles for the same trait is said to be?

Back 52

homozygous

Front 53

A heterozygous crossed with a homozygous recessive produces how many different phenotypes?

Back 53

Two

Front 54

Write the genotype for heterozygous tall.

Back 54

Tt

Front 55

What device is used to determine the probable outcome of a genetic cross?

Back 55

Punnet square

Front 56

Two of the same alleles would make you what?

Back 56

Homozygous

Front 57

Monohybrid crosses involve __trait while di-hybrid crosses involve __ traits.

Back 57

one;two

Front 58

What is the primary function of DNA?

Back 58

To store and transmit genetic information

Front 59

Long chains of nucleotides make up what molecule?

Back 59

Nucleic acids or DNA and RNA

Front 60

What are the three componets of a DNA nucleotide?

Back 60

A phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar(dexoyribose), and a ring shaped nitrogen base

Front 61

What are three components of any nucleotide?

Back 61

A phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a ring shaped nitrogen base

Front 62

What are the base paring rules of DNA?

Back 62

A-T

C-G

Adenine- Thymine

Cytosine- Guanine

Front 63

T/F- DNA mutagens catalyze DNA replication

Back 63

True

Front 64

What is the complementary strand for this portion of DNA? CCTAGCT

Back 64

GGATCGA

Front 65

Name the enzyme that adds nucleotides to the exposed DNA template

Back 65

DNA polymerase

Front 66

What type of RNA carries the message to produce proteins?

Back 66

Messenger RNA (MRNA)

Front 67

How does RNA differ from DNA? 3 examples

Back 67

-RNA has ribose as its sugar

-RNA is single stranded

-RNA uses uracil instead of thymine

Front 68

What are the names of the nitrogen bases found in DNA?

Back 68

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Front 69

What base replaces thymine when RNA is transcribed?

Back 69

Uracil

Front 70

In RNA molecules, what base pairs up with adenine?

Back 70

Uracil

Front 71

Name the three types of RNA

Back 71

Messenger RNA (mRNA), rRNA, tRNA

Front 72

What organelles do mRNA migrate to for protein synthesis?

Back 72

Ribosomes

Front 73

What is produced during transcription?

Back 73

Genetic instructions in a specific gene are transcribed or rewritten into an RNA molecule

Front 74

Transcription is when genetic information in DNA is transferred to what?

Back 74

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Front 75

Nucleotide triplet in mRNA is called a ___

Back 75

Codon

Front 76

The human genome contains what?

Back 76

20,000-25,000 protein coding genes

Front 77

What can errors in DNA replication cause?

Back 77

Mutations

Front 78

A substance that can cause cancer is called?

Back 78

Mutagens and cartisans

Front 79

Metastasis is characterized by?

Back 79

How far the tumors have spread; the spreading of cancer

Front 80

Cells grow and divide at an abnormally high rate in?

Back 80

Cancer

Front 81

The X and Y chromosomes are called the?

Back 81

sex chromosomes

Front 82

Female is to XX as male is to what?

Back 82

XY

Front 83

A change in a gene is due to damage or incorrect copying is called?

Back 83

A mutation/ genetic disorders

Front 84

What could be the effects of a mutation?

Back 84

Can have series effects on the function of an important gene and disrupt an important cell function which is a genetic disorder

Front 85

Sex linked characteristics occur most commonly in males or females?

Back 85

Males

Front 86

People with down-syndrome have how many chromosomes?

Back 86

47

Front 87

What parent determines the sex of an offspring?

Back 87

Male

Front 88

If non-disjunction occurs, a gamete will recieve?

Back 88

Either one gamete will receive one extra copy or no copy

Front 89

Enzymes that cut DNA molecules at specific places are called what?

Back 89

Restriction enzymes

Front 90

Name three ways plasmids are used

Back 90

Used as vectors to clone DNA in bacteria

Used to produce human proteins

Used for recombinant organisms

Front 91

How many sources is recombinant DNA formed from?

Back 91

2 sources

Front 92

Define genome

Back 92

Genome is the complete genetic material contained in an individual

Front 93

What is the approximate age of the Earth

Back 93

4 billion years old

Front 94

The age of fossils, such as bones, can be determined by what?

Back 94

Relative dating, or radiometric dating

Front 95

Scientists think the first cells resembled modern what?

Back 95

Achaebacteria

Front 96

What protects the Earth from damaging ultra-violet light?

Back 96

Ozone

Front 97

Name three ways animal fossils form?

Back 97

-An organism's body decays

-Covered in sediment

-Bones harden

-Preserved

-Mold

Front 98

The species of finches Darwin observed differed in beak shape. What did he conclude?

Back 98

That they came from a common ancestor

Front 99

Natural selection is the process by which?

Back 99

Organisms who are more adapted to the enviornment will be more likely to survive and reproduce

Front 100

Natural selection could not occur without what in species?

Back 100

Genetic variation

Front 101

Due to limited natural resources, all organisms must?

Back 101

Compete for food, shelter, and a mate

Front 102

Name three things that the modern synthesis of evolutionary theory predicts.

Back 102

Which organisms will have greater fitness

Which traits are selected for

Which traits are selected against

Front 103

Over millions of years, plants and their pollinators have?

Back 103

Coevolved

Front 104

What is a population?

Back 104

A group of organisms that belong to the same species and live in a particular place at the same time ( can successfully interbreed)

Front 105

What conditions are required for Hardy-Weinburg's genetic equillibrium?

Back 105

-No net mutations

-Individuals can neither leave or enter the population

-The population is large (ideally infinitely large)

Front 106

Directional selection tends to eliminate what?

Back 106

One of the extremes

Front 107

What is speciation and why can it occur?

Back 107

The formation of a new species as a result of evolution and it occurs because of genetic drift

Front 108

What is taxonomy?

Back 108

The science of naming and classifying organsims

Front 109

The scientific name for an organism is what globally?

Back 109

Understood and Latin

Front 110

What language are scientific names written?

Back 110

Latin

Front 111

What is the correct order of the biological hierarchy from kingdom to species?

Back 111

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Group

Species

Front 112

Name three ways scientists today classify organisms

Back 112

-The use of physical features
-Embrios

-Genes

-Mitochondrial DNA

-Ribosomal DNA

Front 113

Name three ways systematic taxonomy classifys organisms

Back 113

-DNA sequences, amino acid sequences, chromosome numbers

Front 114

What is interdependence?

Back 114

The dependence of every organism on its connection with other living and nonliving parts of its enviornment

Front 115

The specific physical location in which a given species lives is called its?

Back 115

Habitat