Biology 1 Exam

Front 1

What science is and is not

Back 1

organized way of gathering evidence, way of observing, thinking, and knowing, and a body of knowledge

Front 2

How science differs from other disciplines

Back 2

deals with natrual world, collect and organized information in an orderly way, explanation based on evidence

Front 3

steps in scientific method

Back 3

observing and asking questions, making inferences and forming hypotheses, conducting controlled experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions

Front 4

characteristics of living things

Back 4

made up of cells, grow and develop, reproduce, respond to their environment, change over time

Front 5

relatively constant internal, physical, and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

Back 5

homeostasis

Front 6

combination of chemical reactions through which organisms builds up or breaks down materials

Back 6

metabolism

Front 7

logical interpretation based on what scientists already know

Back 7

inference

Front 8

exposed to same conditions as the experimental group except for one independent variable

Back 8

control group

Front 9

evidence/info gathered form observation

Back 9

data

Front 10

1m=

Back 10

100cm

Front 11

1m=

Back 11

1,000mm

Front 12

1,000m=

Back 12

1km

Front 13

1kg=

Back 13

1,000g

Front 14

1g=

Back 14

1,000mg

Front 15

1,000kg=

Back 15

1t(on)

Front 16

1liter=

Back 16

1,000mL

Front 17

1L=

Back 17

1,000cm3

Front 18

freezing point of water

Back 18

0c 32f

Front 19

boiling point of water

Back 19

100c 212f

Front 20

properties of water

Back 20

polar molecule, cohesion/adhesion, high specific heat capacity, high specific heat of vaporization, highest density of water at 4c

Front 21

functions of proteins

Back 21

enzyme catalyst, transport/storage molecules, used in movement, mechanical support

Front 22

elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction

Back 22

reactants

Front 23

elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction

Back 23

products

Front 24

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Back 24

catalyst

Front 25

function of a cell membrane

Back 25

regulates materials entering and leaving cell; protects and supports cell

Front 26

heat capacity of water

Back 26

the amount of heat energy required to increase its temperature; relatively high

Front 27

series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

Back 27

food chain

Front 28

network of feeding interactions

Back 28

food web

Front 29

each step in a food chain or web

Back 29

trophic levels

Front 30

order of trophic levels

Back 30

primary producer, 1st level consumer, 2nd, 3rd

Front 31

eat plant leaves, roots, seeds, fruits

Back 31

herbivore

Front 32

kill and eat other animals

Back 32

carnivore

Front 33

eat both plants and animals

Back 33

omnivore

Front 34

energy transfer in ecological pyramid

Back 34

pyramid of energy, biomass, and numbers

Front 35

which organisms feed off dead organisms

Back 35

scavengers

Front 36

movement of energy and nutrients

Back 36

biogeochemical cycles

Front 37

list of biogeochemical cycles

Back 37

carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles

Front 38

role of scavengers

Back 38

consume the carcasses of dead animals

Front 39

bottom level of an ecological pyramid

Back 39

first producers of energy rich compounds that are later used by other organisms; essential to the flow of energy through biosphere

Front 40

what happens to the biomass with each higher level

Back 40

the #of individuals decreases from the level below it

Front 41

describe a food chain withing a food web

Back 41

many different food paths in one web, web links all chains together

Front 42

what would happen to a food web if one population died?

Back 42

all the other members will have a drop in their population

Front 43

examples of abiotic factors

Back 43

climate, soil type, sunlight, heat, humidity

Front 44

what is necessary for several species to live in the same habitat

Back 44

dofferent niches

Front 45

succession that begins in an area with no remains of an older community

Back 45

primary succession

Front 46

a disturbance has affected the community without completely destroying it and is faster

Back 46

secondary succession

Front 47

where does primary succession occurr?

Back 47

newly exposed surfaces

Front 48

how would a species be affected if another species within the ecosystem decreased

Back 48

it would either decrease as well or grow immensely

Front 49

which population growth models influence its carrying capacity

Back 49

competiton, predation, parasitism/disease, unusual weather, natural disaster

Front 50

what info is necessary to determine a population's age structure?

Back 50

the number of males and females in a population

Front 51

individuals move into a population's range

Back 51

immigration

Front 52

individuals move out of a population's range

Back 52

emigration

Front 53

effects of new species introduced to the environment

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exponential growth for a time

Front 54

how does a limiting factor affect a population?

Back 54

keep most matural populations somewhere between extinction and overrunning the planet

Front 55

how disease and death affect other organisms

Back 55

parasites feed at expense of host weakening them and causing death

Front 56

operate strongly whem a populaton density reaches a certain level

Back 56

density dependent

Front 57

affect all populations in similar ways regardless of population size and density

Back 57

density independent

Front 58

types of pollution

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water pollution, air pollution

Front 59

sources of water pollution

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industrial and agricultural chemicals, residential sewage, nonpoint sources

Front 60

sources of air pollution

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smog, acid rain, greenhouse gases, particulates

Front 61

occurs if pollutants are picked up by an organism and is not broken down or eliminated from its body

Back 61

biological magnification

Front 62

examples of chemicals that have been magnified

Back 62

mecury and PCB

Front 63

using resources in such an environmentally conscious way

Back 63

sustainable development

Front 64

examples of sustainable development

Back 64

you only take exactly what you need, you put back what you take out

Front 65

negative impacts of biodiversity

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altering habitats, hunting, introducing invasive species, releasing pollution into food webs, contributing to climate change

Front 66

ways of conversing biodiversity

Back 66

protect individual species, preserve habitats and ecosystems, make certain that human neighbors of protected areas benefit from participating in conservation efforts

Front 67

functions of the ozone layer

Back 67

natural layer absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation form the sun

Front 68

cause of ozone layer thinning

Back 68

chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)

Front 69

loss of forests; can have a negative effect on soil quality

Back 69

deforestation

Front 70

basic units of life

Back 70

cells

Front 71

group of similar cells that performs a particular function

Back 71

tissue

Front 72

many groups of tissues working together

Back 72

organs

Front 73

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Back 73

organ system

Front 74

what organelles are unique to plant cells

Back 74

chloroplasts and the cell wall

Front 75

what organelles are unique to animal cells

Back 75

centrioles

Front 76

larger/ more complex cells; nucleus separates genetic material from rest of cell

Back 76

eukaryotic

Front 77

smaller/simpler cells; do not separate their genetic material within the nucleus

Back 77

prokaryotic

Front 78

examples of prokaryotic cells

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bacteria

Front 79

examples of eukaryotic cells

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plants; animals; fungi

Front 80

microscope where light passes through a specimen and use 2 lenses to form an image

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light microscopes

Front 81

microscope that makes it possible to explore cell structures and large protein molecules

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transmission

Front 82

microscope where a pencil-like beam of electrons is scanned over the surface of a specimen

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scanning

Front 83

three parts of a cell theory

Back 83

all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells

Front 84

what technological advancement made the discovery of cells possible

Back 84

microscope

Front 85

organisms that make their own food

Back 85

autotrophs

Front 86

obtain food by consuming other living things (mushrooms)

Back 86

heterotrophs

Front 87

reactants of photosynthesis

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carbon dioxide+water

Front 88

products of photosynthesis

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sugars+oxygen

Front 89

how are photosynthesis and respiration interrelated

Back 89

the products and reactants are flipped

Front 90

what would happen to the rate of photosynthesis if the amount of light water or carbon dioxide were to change

Back 90

high light intensity increases rate

Front 91

major atmospheric byproducts of photosynthesis

Back 91

temperature, light intensity, and availibility of water

Front 92

what happens when chlorophyll is struck by sunlight

Back 92

absorbs in blue-violet and red regions

Front 93

what happens to autotrophs during photosynthesis

Back 93

use energy of sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates

Front 94

stages of cellular respiration

Back 94

glycolysis, kreb's cycle, electron transport

Front 95

equation of cellular respiration

Back 95

6O2+C6H12O6-6CO2+6H2O+Energy

Front 96

Products of cellular respiration

Back 96

carbon dioxide, water, energy

Front 97

reactants of cellular respiration

Back 97

oxygen and glucose

Front 98

where does glycolysis take place

Back 98

cytoplasm

Front 99

where does the kreb's cycle take place

Back 99

matrix

Front 100

where does electron transport take place

Back 100

mitochondria membrane

Front 101

how r and p in photosynthesis are related to r and p of cellular respiration

Back 101

the equation is flipped

Front 102

what conditions must exist for kreb's cycle to take place

Back 102

oxygen and pyruvic acid

Front 103

where lactic acid fermentation occurs

Back 103

muscles

Front 104

two types of fermentation

Back 104

lactic acid and alcohol

Front 105

what happens to cell's volume when surface area increases

Back 105

volume increases faster than the surface area

Front 106

what controls the rate of the waste production in cells

Back 106

adult stem cells

Front 107

why cells must be small

Back 107

the smaller the cells the less demand on DNA

Front 108

when cell divides into two new daughter cells

Back 108

cell division

Front 109

events of cell division

Back 109

cell grows, prepares for division, divides to form 2 daughter cells

Front 110

when in cell cycle are chromosomes visible

Back 110

prophase

Front 111

disorder in which body cells lose the ability to control growth

Back 111

cancer

Front 112

causes of cancer

Back 112

defects in the genes that regulate cell growth and division (smoking, tobacco, radiation exposure, viral infection)

Front 113

when cells become specialized

Back 113

cell differentiation

Front 114

scientific explanation for a set of observations that can be tested in ways that support or reject it

Back 114

hypothesis

Front 115

well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations and hypotheses that enables scientists to make accurate predictions about new situations

Back 115

theory