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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the nervous system? |
The nervous system is a system of organs consisting of specialized cells called neurons |
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Responsibilities of the nervous system |
The nervous system is responsible for: ●receiving the stimulus from the environment (receptors) ●converting the stimulus into impulses that are to be interpreted by the cns ●send the interpreted impulses to the effector that are capable of an appropriate response |
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What are neurons? |
Specialized cells that transmit electrical impulses along nerve fibers such as the axon to other neurons, this creates a chemical called neurotransmitters that is released at synapses |
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The nervous system generally consist of... |
Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system |
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Cns consist of |
Brain- receives and interprets electrical impulses and gives a response Spinal cord-connects the brain to the rest of the nervous system |
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Pns consist of |
The rest of the nerves and organs associated with the nervous system sensory neuron motor neuron and relay neuron. |
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Function of the pns |
The main function of the pns is to link the cns to the limbs and other organ of the nervous system |
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Subdivision of pns |
The pns is subdivided intend the sns and the ans ●The somatic nervous system-a part of the pns that is associated with the skeletal muscule voluntary control of body movement ●the autonomic nervous system is a part of pns that controls the bodily function that are not conciously directed |
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The sns consist of |
The cranial and spinal nerves |
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The ans consist of |
The sensory and motor neurons which run between the central nervous (hypothalamus and medulla oblongata) internal organs such as heart and lungs |
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Sensory neuron |
Takes impulses from the receptor to the cns |
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Motor neuron |
Takes impulses from the cns to the effector |
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Relay neuron |
Relay the message between the motor and sensory neuron |
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The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into ... |
●Sympathetic nervous system- fight or flight responses Neurotransmitter- noradrenaline Adrenergic system ●Parasympathetic nervous system - relaxing responses Neurotransmitter-acetylcholine Cholinergic system |
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Structure of neuron |
●Cell body- contains the nucleus cytoplasm and other cell organelles ●Dendrites- projections from the cell body that collect impulses and transmit them toward the cell body ●Axons- thin nerve fiber which extends from the cell body and transmits impulses away from the cell body has synaptic knobs ●myelin sheath- this is a fatty substance that surrounds most axon and speeds up transmission of impulses ●Nodes of Ranier- gaps between the myelin sheath which impulses jump to and speeds up impulses |
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Comparison between the motor and sensory neuron |
Motor ●cell body is at the top ●takes impulses away from the cns to the effectors ●cell body is located in the cns Sensory ●cell body is to the side ●takes impulses from the receptors to the cns ●cell body is located in a ganglion |
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What is a ganglion |
A group of nerve cell bodies found along s course of a nerve |
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What is the pathway from receptor to effector |
Receptor>Sensory neuron>Relay neuron>Motor neuron >Effector |
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What is a synapse |
A synapse is the gap between two neurons where the axon terminals of one cell and the dendrites of another neuron meet. |
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What happens at a synapse |
The electrical impulse is converted into a chemical that is released called neurotransmitter that travels to the other neuron where it's is then broken down by enzymes and converted back into electrical impulses |
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Functions of Ans |
Secretion of sweat Dilation a constriction of pupils Secretion of bile juices Heart beating Breathing Blinking |
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Parasympathetic nervous system functions |
Constriction of pupils Stimulate saliva flow Slows heartbeat Constricts bronchi leading to lungs Stimulates peristalsis Stimulates bile secretion Contracts bladder |
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Sympathetic nervous system |
Dilates pupils Inhibits saliva flow Accelerate heart beat Dilates bronchi Inhibits peristalsis Secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline |
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Cerebrum |
This is the largest part of the brain and takes up most of the cranium 7/8 parts It is made up of gray and white matter Gray matter is 3 mm deep and contains relay neurons cell bodies of motor neurons synapse between them nerve endings of motor neurons White matter is way thicker and in on the I side and contains nerve fibres axons and dendrons dendrites
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Lobes which the cranium is divided into |
Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe |
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What are meninges |
Meninges are tough outer membranes that are continously with the outer membrane of the spinal cord |
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Cortex can be described as |
Highly folded so that it increases the surface area and the amount of neurons . Surface area of about 1.5 m or 16 ft |
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Cerebrospinal fluid |
Surrounds the brain and protects it from injury during a sharp blow |
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Cerebral functions |
Voluntary actions Sensory awareness Memory Thick in and reasoning Judge distance Intelligence Speech Concourse thought Control emotion |
Vsmt jiscc |
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Function of the left side of the brain |
Logistical thoughts Logics Language Math science |
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Right side |
Holistical thoughts Intuition Creativity Art music |
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Cerebellum |
Found beneath the posterior part of the cerebrum highly folded and divided into two parts with gray matter surrounded white matter |
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Functions of the cerebellum |
Coordination posture Balance Running walking hitting a ball |
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Medulla oblongata |
A long stalk like lower most part of the brain which gradually merges with the spinal cord |
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Medulla oblongata |
The site where the sensory and motor neurons cross over and the left side of the brain control the right side of the body vice versa |
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Functions of the medulla oblongata |
Controls the unconscious processes Controls the Ans Concerned with the involuntary actions |
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Voluntary actions |
Controlled by the cerebrum Very little thinking is done and one is not aware of what is being done |
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Reflex action |
Rapid Automatic response to stimulus which does not require concious control |
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Reflex arc |
The pathway that an I pulse travels between a receptor and effector. |
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Knee jerk |
Stimulus is detected by receptor which synapses with sensory neuron which brings the impulse to the cns where it synapse with a relay neuron which synapses with a motor neuron which bring the impulse to the effector |
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Condition reflex |
When a simple reflex is changed by a period of learning |
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