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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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describe the structure of the nerve cell membrane
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Firm and and flexible structure that separates the inside from the outside environment. Composed of 2 layers of fat molecules (phospholipids) and protein channels that let specific chemicals pass through.
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describe the nerve cell resting potential, and explain how it is developed and maintained
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In the absence of disturbance the membrane maintains an electrical gradient (polorization). The neuron inside the membrane has a slightly negative electrical potential with respect to the outside. Difference in voltage is called a resting potential.
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explain how changes in the voltage sensitive sodium and potassium channels give rise to the action potential
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ONLY the depolarization that passes the threshold WILL produce an action potential. Action Potentials require the flow of sodium and potassium. At the BEGINNING there are MORE SODIUM ions OUTSIDE the neuron, at the END there are MORE SODIUM ions INSIDE.
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explain how K+ released from the axon during the action potential results in more blood flow to brain areas that are active
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x
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explain how the action potential is propagated down the axon
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x
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describe and explain the mechanisms underlying the absolute and relative refractory periods of the action potential
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x
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explain how myelin affects the propagation of the action potential
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x
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explain how local anesthetics work
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Attach to the sodium channels of the membrane, preventing sodium ions from entering and stopping action potentials.Ex) Novocaine & Xylocaine
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explain why improperly prepared puffer fish will kill you
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x
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describe how multiple sclerosis affects the nervous system
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x
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explain why touching a hot stove results first in a sharp pain, which is then followed by slow burning pain
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x
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Describe Loewi’s experiment demonstrating that synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction is chemical and not electrical
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x
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Describe the sequence of events that begins with an action potential in the presynaptic terminal and ends with the release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
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x
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