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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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directional selection
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natural selection that drives evolutionary change by selecting for greater or lesser frequency of a given trait in a population
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stabilizing selection
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selection that maintains a certain phenotype by selecting against deviation form it
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gene flow
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movement of genes between populations
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inbreeding
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mating between close relatives
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genetic drift
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random changes in gene frequency in a population
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founder effect
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a component of genetic drift theory, stating that new population that become isolated from the parent population carry only the genetic variation of the founders
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genetic bottleneck
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temporary dramatic reduction in size of a population or species
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sexual selection
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differential reproductive success within one sex of any species.
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sexual dimorphism
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difference in size, shape, or color between the sexes.
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reproductive variance
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a measure of variation from the mean of a population in the reproductive potential of one sex compared with the other
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homology
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similarity of traits resulting from shared ancestry
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species
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an interbreeding group of animals or plants that are reproductively isolated through anatomy, ecology, behavior, geographic, distribution, from all other such groups
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speciation
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formation of one or more new species via reproductive isolation
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reproductive isolation mechanisms
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any factor- behavioral, ecological, or anatomical- that prevents a male and female of two different species from hybridizing
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gradualism
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darwinian view of slow, incremental evolutionary change
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macroevolution
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large-scale evolutionary change over a long time period
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punctuated equilibrium
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model of evolution characterized by rapid bursts of change, followed by long periods of stasis
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kin selection
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principle that animals behave preferentially toward their genetic kin; formulated by William Hamilton
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inclusive fitness
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reproductive success of an organism plus the fitness of it close kin
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