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129 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The work of a scientists begins with
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careful observation
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In science, a hypothesis is useful only if
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it can be tested
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Hypotheses may arise from
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all of the above; logical inferences, imaginative guesses, prior knowledge
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A controlled expierment allows the scientist to isolate and test
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a single variable
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The ability to reproduce resluts is an important part of any
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expierment
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The three particals that make up an atom are
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protons, neutrons, and electrons
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The space surronding the nucleus of an atom contains
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electrons
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The nucleus is made up of
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protons and neutrons
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Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and
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the same number of neutrons
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Which of the following makes up a molecule of water
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two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
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A covalent bond is formed as a result of
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sharing an electron pair
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Ice floats on water because
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water expands when it freezes
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The most abundant compound in most living things is
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water
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A solution is an
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evenly distributed mixture of two or more substances
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When salt is dissolved in water, water is the
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solvent
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Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things
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carbohydrates
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The combined portions of Earth in which all living things exist is called the
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biosphere
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The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is
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a community
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The lowest level of environmental complexity that includes living and nonliving factors is the
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ecosystem
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Which of the following is not a basic method used by ecologistts to study the living world?
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classifying
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What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems
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sunlight
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What is an organism that only feeds on plants called
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herbivore
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All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food
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web
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The repeated movement of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere is called
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the water cycle
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Nitrogen fixations is carried out primarily by
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bacteria
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Climate is a global factor that produces
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a wide range of environmental conditions that shapes communities
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The average year after year conditions of temperature and precipitation region is the region's
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climate
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Temperatures on Earth remain within a suitable range for life as we know it because of the
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greenhouse effect
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The greenhouse effect is a
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natural phenomenon that maintains earth's temperature range
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A mountain can affect climate by
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causing precipitation to fall mostly on one side of the mountain
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Which has become the most important source for enviroment change on Earth?
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human activity
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Carbon dioxide is released into atmosphere by all the following except the
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depletion of the ozone layer
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In the very distant past, most people
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lived in small groups
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one of the goals of conservation bioligy is to
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all of the above; manage natural resources, enforce enviromental laws and protect habitats
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What is meant by "a library of genetic information" in reference to biodiversity?
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all living organisms contain genetic information upon which humans can draw for future use.
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An endagered species is
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a group of organisms near extinction
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One of the greatest threats today to biological diversity is
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habit destruction
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Protecting ecosystem diversity is a goal of c
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conservation bioligy
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An old growth forest is
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a nonrenewable resource
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The sum total of the genetically-based variety of living organisms in the biosphere is called
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biodiversity
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Early hunters and gathers in North America are responsible for
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a major extinction event of large animals
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Why are fossil fuels nonrenewable?
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They require hundreads of millions of years to form
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As DDT moves up the trophic levels in food chains, or food webs, its concentration
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increases
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The goals of conservation bioligy include all of the following except
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introducing foreign spieces into new enviroments
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Land is a resource that provides
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all of the above; space for cities and suburbs, raw materials for industry, soil for growing crops
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Which of the follwoing is NOT one of the factors that play a role in population growth rate
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demography
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One of the main charecteristics of a population is its
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geographic distribution
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Which of the following tells you population density?
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the number of bacteria per square milimeter
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The movement of organisms into a given area from another area is called
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immigration
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When orgainisms move out of a population, this is known as
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emigration
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Which are two ways a population can decrease in size
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decreased birthrate and emigration
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When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, it is called
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expnetial growth
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As resources in a population become less availible, population growth
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reaches carrying capacity
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Which factor might NOT contribute to an exponetial growth rate in a given population
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reduced resources
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If the poulation grows larger than the carrying capacity of the enviroment, the
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death rate may rise.
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Demography is the scientific study of
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human populations
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Demograohic transition is change from high birthrates and high death rates to
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a low birthrate and low death rate
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The human population expierence exponential growth after
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the industrial revolution began
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The anticipated human population by the year 2050 is about
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9 billion
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The symbiotic relationship between a flowe and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of
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mutualism because the flower provides the insect with food, and the insect pollinates the flower
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An organisms niche is
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the way the organism uses the range of physical and biological conditions in which it lives
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The chemistry of aquatic ecosystems is determined by the
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amount of salts, nutrients, and oxygen dissolved in the water
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The unequal heating of the Earth's surface
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all of the above, drives wind and ocean currents, has important effects on Earth's climate regions, and cause winds that transport heat throughout the biosphere
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What is one difference between primary and secondary succesion
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secondary sucession begins on soil and primary succession begins on newly exposed surfaces
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All of the following contribute to the Earth's climate EXCEPT
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biomes and ecosystems
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Ponds and lakes are
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standing-water ecosystems
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The photic zone
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extends to a depth of about 200 meters
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Earth has three main climate zones because of the differneces in latitude and
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angle of heating
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No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
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because of the competitive exclusion principle
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The branch of bioligy dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their enviroment is called
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ecology
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An organism that cannot make its own food is called a
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heterotroph
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Green plants are
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producers
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Matter can recycle through the biosphere because
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biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it
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Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals are called
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decomposers
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What animals eat both producers and consumers
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omnivores
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If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the reaction in the opposite direction
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absorbs energy
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What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemical?
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chemical reaction
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Suspensions are mixtures
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of water and undissolved material
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In chemical reactions, atoms are
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rearranged
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The small dense region in the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins is called the
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nucleolus
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The hollow tubes of protein, about 25 nanometers in diameter, that help maintain the shape of the cell are called
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microtubules
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Which organelles can use energy from sunlight to create energy-rich food molecules?
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chloropasts
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What is the process by which material is taken into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane?
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endoctosis
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The fourth and highest level of organization in multicellular organism is
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an organ system
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The Calvin cycle is another name for
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light-independent reactions
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Where are photosystems I and II found?
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in the thylakoid membrane
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Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they eat are called
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heterotrophs
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A granum is a
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stack of thylakoids
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Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called
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autotrophs
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Most plants appear green because chlorophyII
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does not absorb green light
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The stroma is the space that surronds
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thylakoids
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Which of the following id NOT an example of a heterotroph
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grass
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Jan van Helmont concluded that plants gain most of their mass from
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water
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Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?
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in the thylakoid membranes
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Plants gather the sun;s energy with light-absorbing molecules called
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pigments
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Which of the following is an autotroph?
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tree
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Which of the following are used in overall reactions for photosynthesis?
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carbon dioxide, water, light
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Plants take in the sun's energy by absorbing
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sunlight
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Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
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oxygen and high-energy sugars
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Animal cells cannot carry out
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alcoholic fermenatation
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In the Krebs cycle
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pyrivic acid is broken down into CO2 and H20
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In cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is
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water
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In glycolysis, each glucose molecule is broken down into
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two molecules of pyruvic acid
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The first set of reactions in cellular respiration is
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glycolysis
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Which compounds are produced by the two main types of fermentation?
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alchohol or lactic acid
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The energy that is released during cellular respiration is stored as
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ATP and NADH
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Each of the following processes realses energy from glucose EXCEPT
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photosynthesis
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The most important product of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration is
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NAD+
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Cellular respiration benefits organisms by
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transferring energy to ATP
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As a cell becomes larger, its
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volume increases faster than its surface area
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The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
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cell division
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When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible
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only during cell division
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Name three phases in the cell cycle
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G1 phase G2 phase M phase
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When during the cell cycle is a cell's DNA replicated
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S phase
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The cell cycle is the
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series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
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The two main stages of cell division are called
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cytokinesis and mitosis
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Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their
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growth rate
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Cancer cells form masses of cells called
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tumors
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In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by
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cyclins
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What animals eat both producers and consumers
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omnivores
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If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the reaction in the opposite direction
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absorbs energy
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What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemical?
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chemical reaction
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Suspensions are mixtures
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of water and undissolved material
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In chemical reactions, atoms are
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rearranged
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The small dense region in the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins is called the
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nucleolus
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The hollow tubes of protein, about 25 nanometers in diameter, that help maintain the shape of the cell are called
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microtubules
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Which organelles can use energy from sunlight to create energy-rich food molecules?
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chloropasts
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What is the process by which material is taken into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane?
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endoctosis
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The fourth and highest level of organization in multicellular organism is
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an organ system
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