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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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RNA
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a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins. pg 310
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messenger RNA
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genetic information transcribed from DNA as a sequence of bases is transferred to a ribosome.
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ribosomal RNA
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RNA component of the ribosme, and is essential for protein synthesis in all living organisms.
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transfer RNA
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small molecule in cells that carries amino acids to organelles called ribosomes, where they are linked into proteins.
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transcription |
the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).
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RNA polymerase |
an enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA.
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codon
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a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.
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anticodon |
a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule,
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translation
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which is a set of rules that defines how an mRNA sequence is to betranslated into the 20-letter code of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.
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Frameshift Mutation |
genetic mutation caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence that shifts the way the sequence is read.
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Point Mutation
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a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.
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