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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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heterotrophy |
dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition, cannot synthesize its own food |
e.g. humans |
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essential nutrients |
must be ingested, cannot be made within the body |
e.g. some amino acids |
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suspension feeding |
filter feeding, only in aquatic animals |
e.g. baleen whales |
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diastema |
a gap present between the incisors and the molars |
dental |
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tunica adventitia |
the external layer of the vessel wall |
in arteries |
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tunica media |
the intermediate later of the vessel wall, thickest coat |
in arteries |
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tunica intima |
the internal layer of the vessel wall, quite elastic |
in arteries |
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aponeurosis |
narrow band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
muscular system |
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fascia |
thin layers of connective tissue that cover and separate the muscles |
muscular system |
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origin |
the less movable attachment of a muscle |
muscular system |
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insertion |
the more movable attachment of a muscle |
muscular system |
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belly |
the fleshy central portion of a muscle |
muscular system |
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alveoli |
terminating air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs |
involved in respiration |
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buccal pump |
cheeks pump water to create a current across the gills |
e.g. goldfish |
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ram-jet ventilation |
swimming with open mouth to create a current across the gills |
e.g. sharks |
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syncytium |
multinucleate |
e.g. muscle fiber |
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sarcolemma |
specialized cell membrane enclosing each muscle fiber |
membrane |
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sarcoplasm |
the protoplasm of the fiber |
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myofibril |
bundles of protein found within a single muscle fiber |
within muscle cell |
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What are the four steps of food processing? |
ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination |
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substrate feeding |
feeding on the organism's own environment |
e.g. organism lives in leaf, eats the mesophyll of the leaf |
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fluid feeding |
feeding on the fluid of other organisms |
e.g. ants, mosquitos |
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bulk feeding |
ingest prey whole or in large pieces |
e.g. humans |
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incisors |
teeth meant for tearing and nipping |
function |
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canines |
weapon to take down prey |
function |
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premolars |
shearing teeth, cutting |
function |
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molars |
grinding |
function |
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alimentary canal |
one way gut with regional specialization |
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microvilli |
increase surface area to maximize digestion and absorption |
"brush border" |
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fermentation chambers |
bacteria containing stomach |
possible solution to digest cellulose |
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coprophagy |
feeding on feces to process indigestible material again |
possible solution to digest cellulose |
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What are three types of respiratory surfaces? |
skin, gills, lungs |
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cutaneous respiration |
water-dependent respiration through thin, vascularized skin |
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spiracles |
openings that let air into tracheal tubes for respiration in insects |
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metalloproteins |
bind oxygen for transport |
e.g. hemocyanin, hemoglobin |
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ammonia |
nitrogenous waste, very soluble, very toxic |
e.g. fish |
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urea |
less toxic nitrogenous waste that can be stored |
e.g. humans |
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uric acid |
crystalline nitrogenous waste removed in feces |
e.g. birds |
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protonephridia |
excretory organs of flat worms |
"first kidneys" |
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metanephridia |
excretory organs of annelids |
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malpighian tubules |
excretory organs of insects |
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septum |
prevents mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the heart |
circulatory system |
