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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TCA cycle overview
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Acetyl group of acetyl CoA completely oxidized to Co2
Electrons removed from acetyll transferred to NAD+ and FAD ! GTP formed substrate level phosphorylation. |
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The link thiol ester bond in acetyl CoA
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is high in energy
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NADH and FADH2 formed during cycle deoxidized to NAD+ and FAD through action of respiratory or electron transport chain
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Oxygen got reduced to water, creat a proton gradient with couple to the surfaces of ADP to make ATP.
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One phosphorylation in the citric cycle and many more
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delightfully not difficult reactions.
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Pyruvate + CoA + NaD+ -> acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH
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oxidation of pyruvate that releases CO2. The first decarboxylation and couple it the CoA.
This process is irreversible, catalyzed |
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The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
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Locate in mitochondria
3 distinct enzymes associated in a huge protein/coenzyme complex (60 ppolypeptide chains) E1 ( Thiamine pyrophosphate) E2 (lipoic acid ), E3 (FAD) The reaction is irreversible ( both decarbonxylation and oxidation ) |
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The pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction is irreversible and highly regulated
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The pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction is irreversible and highly regulated.
Not possible to synthesize carb's from acetyl CoA Inhibited by end products NADH and acetyl CoA Switched off by phosphorylation Increase NADH/NAD+, acetyl CoA/ CoA or ATP/ADP promotes phosphorylation. Pyruvate, ADP inhibit phosphorylation. |
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Reactions of the TAC cycle
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Overview:
enter the citric cycle as a 2 carbon unit and reacts with a 4 carbon compound to form 6 carbon compound and lead to 5 carbon compound , oxiadated decarboxylation form NADH and FADH2 next step is phosphorylation. |
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Overview
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Acetyl group of acetyl CoA completely oxidized to Co2
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Citrate synthase
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oxaloacetate got converted to citrate via the addition of actetyl coenzyme A ( a symetric molecule)
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Aconitase
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The citrate group isomerized into isocitrate with
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Isocitatrate dehydrogenase
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Decarboxylate the isocitrate and transfer proton to NAD+ to form NADH , thus generate alpha-ketoglutarato
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alpha-ketoglutarato dehydrogenase complex
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this got converted into succinyl CoA
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Succinyl CoA Synthase
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phosphorylate GDP to GTP and from succinase
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Succinate dehydrogenase (not in mitochondria but in the membran-bound iron sulfur protein )
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form Fumarte and gives a H to FADH2
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Fumerase
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Well , convert fumerase into malate ( malic acid)
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malase dehydrogenase
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Convert malate into oxoacetate and generate NADH fro NAD+
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