Biol 10 Chapter 10

Front 1

Which of the following descriptions would be considered a theory in the same scientific sense that evolution is considered a theory?

- a theory about why an apple falls to the ground when dropped
- a theory about which of your classmates is the source of your cold
- a theory about why blue is your favorite color
- a theory about why your neighbor has the nicest car in the neighborhood

Back 1

a theory about why an apple falls to the ground when dropped

Front 2

What was the contribution of Wallace to the history of ideas about evolution?

- He was the main opponent of Darwin's ideas immediately after they were published.
- He proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics.
- He proposed a theory of evolution similar to Darwin's.
- He proposed the idea that Earth is very old.

Back 2

He proposed a theory of evolution similar to Darwin's.

Front 3

What aspect of the geology of the Galápagos was important in producing the diversity of organisms seen by Darwin?

- the islands are very dry
- the islands are in a chain
- there are no mammals on the islands
- the islands are in the Pacific

Back 3

the islands are in a chain

Front 4

Which of the following is an example of a nonevolutionary change in a population?

- plants in a dry climate that have faster-growing roots than plants found there 20 years ago
- an increase in the number of people diagnosed with colon cancer
- after decreases in airborne soot, a change in the most common color of moths
- an increase in mosquitoes that are resistant to insecticide

Back 4

an increase in the number of people diagnosed with colon cancer

Front 5

Which of the following groupings are in order from broadest to most narrow?

- class, family, species
- family, order, class
- phylum, kingdom, genus
- kingdom, species, genus

Back 5

class, family, species

Front 6

When a biologist is looking for a suitable organism in which she can study the process of evolution in a laboratory setting, what would be an important consideration?

- The organism should produce relatively few offspring.
- The organism should be large.
- The organism should have a complete fossil record of its ancestry.
- The organism should have a short generation time.

Back 6

The organism should have a short generation time.

Front 7

Which of the following is an example of microevolution?

- Lions and tigers evolved from a common cat-like ancestor.
- HIV evolved resistance to antiviral medications.
- Birds evolved from dinosaurs.
- Land plants evolved from algae.

Back 7

HIV evolved resistance to antiviral medications.

Front 8

In land mammals, the pelvic girdle is the point where the leg bones attach to the rest of the skeleton. Whales also have a small pelvic girdle. This would be an example of what type of evidence for common descent?

- a homologous gene
- a vestigial structure
- a homologous structure
- fossil evidence

Back 8

a vestigial structure

Front 9

What should you look for when considering whether structures from two kinds of organisms are homologous?

- The structures should be in different positions on the bodies of the two organisms.
- The structures should have similar anatomy in the two organisms.
- The structures should have identical functions in both organisms.
- The structures should not appear in any close relatives of the organisms.

Back 9

The structures should have similar anatomy in the two organisms.

Front 10

Which piece of evidence would allow you to reject the hypothesis of separate types?

- universality of DNA to all life
- similarity of physical structures among species
- fossil evidence showing that organisms have been on Earth for billions of years
- fossil evidence that species have changed over time

Back 10

universality of DNA to all life

Front 11

What is the role of fossils in supporting the theory of common descent?

- There have been many fossils of intermediate types discovered that provide strong support for the theory of common descent.
- Fossil evidence has been found to support the relationship between humans and other primates but only in Europe.
- There are plenty of fossils to show that animals have evolved, but there are not enough fossils of human ancestors to suggest that humans are related to other animals.
- Fossils of dinosaurs show that other types of life existed, but there is no evidence of relationships between them.

Back 11

There have been many fossils of intermediate types discovered that provide strong support for the theory of common descent.

Front 12

The hypothesis of one common ancestor for all life is best supported by the fact that

- DNA sequences from bacteria can be transferred to plants and other organisms.
- species in similar geographic locations show structural similarities.
- embryonic development is similar for all chordates.
- species in some groups have homologous anatomical structures.

Back 12

DNA sequences from bacteria can be transferred to plants and other organisms.

Front 13

Which of the following is an example of biological evolution?

- The average woman's dress size has increased over the last 50 years.
- A tree branch is broken off and another grows in its place.
- You are vaccinated against polio and are protected against the disease.
- Over time, a species of caterpillar becomes the same shade of green as the leaves on which it feeds.

Back 13

Over time, a species of caterpillar becomes the same shade of green as the leaves on which it feeds.

Front 14

Intelligent design is NOT a testable ________ and thus cannot be considered a scientific explanation for the origin of living things.

- strategy
- theory
- hypothesis
- experiment

Back 14

hypothesis

Front 15

According to the theory of common descent, each species on Earth today should

- have a single ancestor in common.
- look very similar to all other species.
- not have ancestors in common with members of other species.
- have DNA that is mostly unique from other species.

Back 15

have a single ancestor in common.

Front 16

The DNA of cats and dogs is much more similar than the DNA of cats and hamsters. Why is that?

- The ancestors of cats and the ancestors of dogs evolved in similar environments.
- Cats and dogs have fewer offspring during their lifetime than hamsters, so their DNA change less rapidly.
- Cats and dogs have lived together with humans for a longer period of time, so they have grown more similar.
- Cats and dogs have a common ancestor that is more recent than the common ancestor of cats and hamsters.

Back 16

Cats and dogs have a common ancestor that is more recent than the common ancestor of cats and hamsters.

Front 17

Which of the following levels would contain members that are the most similar?

- genus
- class
- order
- kingdom

Back 17

genus

Front 18

Bat wings are homologous to the front legs of cats. What does the term "homologous" mean in this context?

- Bat wings are vestigial legs.
- The common ancestor of bats and cats had limbs that functioned as wings.
- The common ancestor of bats and cats had a limb with a bone structure similar to that found in cat legs and bat wings.
- Both structures are used for the same purpose.

Back 18

The common ancestor of bats and cats had a limb with a bone structure similar to that found in cat legs and bat wings.

Front 19

The person who also proposed a mechanism for evolution similar to natural selection was

- Robert Fitzroy.
- Alfred Russel Wallace.
- Charles Lyell.
- Jean Baptiste Lamarck.

Back 19

Alfred Russel Wallace.

Front 20

Which of these species is most likely to share the greatest percentage of DNA with humans?

- leopard frog
- blue jay
- beaver
- dragonfly

Back 20

beaver