Biogeography Test 3

Front 1

Ecological biogeography

Back 1

applying ecological theory to explain distribution patterns

Front 2

Shoener

Back 2

Came up with one of community ecology's laws

Front 3

Species-distance relationships

Back 3

tend to get negative relationship between species richness and island isolation

Front 4

Immigration

Back 4

movement of potential founding population onto island

Front 5

Establishment

Back 5

founders survive and form a population

Front 6

Colonization

Back 6

includes immigration and establishing a population

Front 7

Extinction

Back 7

loss of previously existing population

Front 8

MacArthur and Wilson

Back 8

Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography

Front 9

Rescue Effect

Back 9

on island close to mainland, extinction may be low because immigration is high

Front 10

Target Effect

Back 10

larger islands get more immigrations

Front 11

Harmonic biota

Back 11

balanced assemblages, similar in composition to source biota

Front 12

Disharmonic biota

Back 12

unbalanced or non-random subset of source

Front 13

Island Chains

Back 13

islands are nested subsets of a richer island when look at species composition

Front 14

Supertramp species

Back 14

found only on small and/or isolated islands with few other species

Front 15

Density composition

Back 15

caused by low levels of competitors or lack of predators

Front 16

Island rule

Back 16

different groups of mammals exhibit different trends in insular body size

Front 17

Areography

Back 17

description of patterns and underlying mechanisms responsible for size, shape, and location of geographic ranges

Front 18

Macroecology

Back 18

multi-scale approach to investigating assembly and structure of biotas

Front 19

Deductive

Back 19

hypothesis driven scientific method

Front 20

Inductive

Back 20

searching for patterns, building hypothesis/theory

Front 21

Rappoport's Rule

Back 21

Broadest ranges in the North

Front 22

Nestedness

Back 22

tendency for ecological communities from species-poor sites to form proper subsets found in richer sites

Front 23

Bergmann's Rule

Back 23

body size of endotherms tends to increase with latitude

Front 24

Allen's Rule

Back 24

in endothermic vertebrates, those living in hotter environments have longer appendages

Front 25

Gloger's Rule

Back 25

darker colors occur in more humid environment

Front 26

Species richness

Back 26

number of species in an area

Front 27

Diversity

Back 27

indices combines richness and evenness

Front 28

Penninsular Effect

Back 28

species richness tends to decrease from continental interior toward terminus of peninsula

Front 29

Centinelan extinction

Back 29

undiscovered species going extinct before they can be described

Front 30

Gigantopithecus

Back 30

Found in China and India, similar to gorillas but much larger

Front 31

Adapids

Back 31

resemble modern lemurs

Front 32

Omomyids

Back 32

resemble modern tarsiers

Front 33

Black Death

Back 33

1348-1351 half of Europe died

Front 34

Lonnie Thompson

Back 34

chronicled CO2 in tropical ice cores and documented melting of tropical glaciers

Front 35

Diamond

Back 35

Assembly rules for Islands

Front 36

J. Bristol Foster

Back 36

Island Rule

Front 37

E. O. Wilson

Back 37

Taxon cycle, Centinelan extinction

Front 38

James Brown

Back 38

Macroecology

Front 39

Wilcove

Back 39

stages of community response to habitat fragmentation

Front 40

Matthews

Back 40

rise in 2-3 degrees would cause extinction of many prairie fishes

Front 41

McDonald and Brown

Back 41

based on climate models, current distributions and species-area relationships, predict lost of 45 small mammal species across 19 mountain ranges in Great Basin

Front 42

Root

Back 42

meta analysis showed response to climate change over last decade

Front 43

Stevens

Back 43

found as increase in altitude and latitude, find larger range sizes and few species

Front 44

Richard Leaky

Back 44

found early H. sapiens in Kenya

Front 45

Donal Johanson

Back 45

finds 40% complete Australopithecus female Lucy