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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What percent of a cells mass is water? |
60-90% |
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What makes water so special? |
- High boiling and melting points - High heat of evaporation and surface tension - Polar (interacts and dissolves ionic and polar substances) - Hydrogen bonds (weak) - High specific heat - High heat of vaporization |
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How many water molecules can water associate with? |
Up to four other waters molecules, allows for formation of a water lattice. |
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Why is water less dense as a solid than a liquid? |
Due to the crystal structure caused by hydrogen bonding. |
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What is a Clathrate? |
A hydration shell formed around non polar substances. |
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What is a Amphiphilic compound? |
A compound with both a polar and non polar portion. |
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What is Osmosis? |
The diffusion of a solvent across a membrane down the concentration gradient. |
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What is Osmotic Pressure? |
The collective pressure or force behind the movement of diffusion. |
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What is an isotonic solution? |
A solution with equal concentrations. |
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Hypertonic |
Greater concentration outside cell. |
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Hypotonic |
Greater concentration inside cell. |
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Nucleophile |
electron-rich molecules |
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Electrophile |
Electron-deficient molecules |
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Hydrolysis |
a chemical reaction where water is used to lyse (separate) a covalent bond. Ex. Proteins |
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Condensation Reaction |
Opposite of hydrolysis reaction |
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Protic solvent |
A solvent with a reactive proton (H+) |
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What is pH? |
pH=-log[H3O+] |
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Acidosis |
When pH of blood is too low (Diabetes) |
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Alkalosis |
When pH of blood is too high (vomiting or hyperventilation) |
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What organ is responsible for blood pH? |
Kidneys |
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What makes a strong acid or base? |
Complete dissociation |
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What makes a weak acid or base? |
Partial dissociation |
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Polyprotic acids and bases |
compounds that can donate or accept more than one proton |
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What is a naturally occurring acid in our bodies? |
HCl found in the stomach |
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What is a buffer? |
A solution the resists changes in pH with the addition of acids or bases. Usually a weak acid and conjugate base. Important for bodily functions. |
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How much can a buffer resist? |
Usually +/- 1 pH point from pKa. Also known as the buffer capacity. |
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Henderson-Hasselbach equation |
pH = pKa + log ([A-/[HA]) |
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What are the buffers of intracellular pH? |
Phosphate system and the histidine system |
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Biocarbonate buffer system |
a intercellular buffer system in blood plasma |
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How does this system work? |
CO2 produced by cellular respiration is held in reserve which can be converted to Carbonic Acid. Also aided by carbonic anhyrdrase. |
