Biochemistry Semester 1 Mini Ii

Front 1

During the first 2 months of development in the ___, ____ and ____ Hb diminish, while the synthesis of ____ and ____ HB increase, and ____ Hb begins.

Back 1

yolk sac, epsilon, zeta, gamma A & G, alpha, beta

Front 2

From 2 months to birth, in the ____ and ____, ___ Hb is produced at adult levels, while _____ and ____ Hb increase and decrease at 6 months of development, respectively.

Back 2

liver, spleen, alpha, beta, gamma

Front 3

At birth, HbF is present composed of ____, and HbA is present composed of ___, and HbA2 begins to form and is composed of _____.

Back 3

2 alpha and 2 gamma subunits, 2 alpha and 2 beta, 2 alpha and 2 delta

Front 4

Hb subunits are made from genes on chromosomes ___ and ___.

Back 4

16, 11

Front 5

Chromosome 16 contains the zeta subunit, pseudo zeta and alpha subunits, and ___.

Back 5

alpha 2 and alpha 1 subunits

Front 6

Chromosome 16 contains the pseudo beta, epsilon, gamma A & G, pseudo beta, ____ and ___ subunits

Back 6

delta, beta

Front 7

Underproduction of alpha chains is ____ thalasemia, while underproduction of beta chains is ____ thalasemia.

Back 7

alpha, beta thalassemia

Front 8

____ is heme oxidation to its ferric state that is a non function Hb.

Back 8

Methemoglobinemia

Front 9

Methemoglobinemia is caused by poisoning with ____ agents, overproduction of ___ by enzymes, failure of methemoglobin ____, and congenital replacement of His by ___.

Back 9

oxidizing, oxidants, reductase, Tyr

Front 10

Abnormal Hb structre are usually ____ mutations.

Back 10

point

Front 11

Thalassemia ___ is a homozygous disorder, while thalassemia ____ is a heterozygous disorder.

Back 11

major, minor

Front 12

A sign of thalassmeia with low Hb/RBC and small sized RBC

Back 12

Hypochromic microcytic anemia

Front 13

In thalassemias, abnormal cells with dark spots in the center, formed from the abnormal aggregates of Hb subunits.

Back 13

target cells

Front 14

___ are RBC of unequal sizes and ____ are variable shapes, which are symptoms of thalassemia.

Back 14

angiocytosis, poikilocytosis

Front 15

___ thalassemia is characterized as having no beta chains, while ___ i having few beta chains.

Back 15

beta 0, beta+

Front 16

___ thalassemia major is characterized with severe anemia but not at birth.

Back 16

beta

Front 17

____ thalassemia minor will see increased HbA2 and sometimes increased HbF.

Back 17

beta

Front 18

Abortive erythropoiesis, increase in bone marrow, hepatosplenomegaly, and pigment stones are do to ____.

Back 18

increased phagocytosis of RBCs in spleen and liver

Front 19

Treatment of beta thalassemia includes blood transfusions which increases already increased ____ absorption, so deferrioxamine must be administered.

Back 19

iron

Front 20

Azacytidine reactivate ____ subunits, but is not well tolerated by the patient.

Back 20

gamma

Front 21

HbS is a mutation in the ___ subunit that can form ____ in its deoxygenated form.

Back 21

beta, precipitates

Front 22

HbS is a point mutation in the beta subunit on chromosome 11 that replaces a hydrophilic Glu with a hydrophobic ____.

Back 22

Val

Front 23

Out of alpha thalassemia, beta thalassemia, and sickle cell anemia, only ___ shows signs at birth.

Back 23

Alpha

Front 24

In hydrops fetalis ___ loci are deleted resulting in ___Hb, composed of tetrameric γ chains.

Back 24

4, barts

Front 25

In alpha thalassemia the deletion of ___ loci results in moderately severe anemia and HB __ disease.

Back 25

3, H (tetrameric β chains)

Front 26

In beta thalassemia patients are treated with folic acid to stimulate ___, or receive a _____, to increase the time RBCs spend in the blood.

Back 26

erythropoesis, slenectomy

Front 27

In order for sickling to occur the patient must be ____ affected, if they are ____ they have improved malaria resistance.

Back 27

homozygous, heterozygous