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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 major functions of lipids in the body
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storage of energy
functional in the cell wall water proof coating |
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2 essential fatty acids
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linoleic and linolenic acid
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what do all lipids have in common
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not soluble in water
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what group of lipids is hormone like? what comound are they synthesized from
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prostaglandins
arachadonic acid |
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what are the 2 main differences between fats and oils
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fats are solid at room temp
oil are liquid at room temp fats are from animals, oils are from plants |
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what monomers are amino acids made of
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NH2
R-group CH group COOH |
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4 functions of protein function
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Gives structure to organisms
transport catalysts storage |
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describe the 4 layers of protein structure
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1. primary-order of amino acids
2. secondary-alpha helixes, beta pleated sheets due to hydrogen bonding between amino acids 3. tertiary-side groups bond-salt bridges, hydrogen bonding, R groups interacting 4. quaternary-several strands joined and coiled -2 or more protein strands combined together |
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why is it important that proteins are large molecules? how is it used in medicine?
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they are large so that they dont go through cell membranes--can only transport through membranes they are supossed
-it is a good diagnostic tool |
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what are nucleic acids made of
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nucleotides
-phosphate groups -sugar -base |
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why are nucleic acids are important in living organisms
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important in genetic material and synthesis-needed to pass on genetic material
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what are the products of a fat being digested
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glycerol and fatty acids
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how does blood lipid behaviour parallel blood sugar behaviour
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after a meal, both levels rise and then return to normal after fat storage and oxidation
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how are fats transported through the body
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mobilzed fatty acid inthe lymph and blood form a lipoprotein with serum albumin
-in this form ,the fats can be transported throughout the tissues as HDL LDL or VLDL's |
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what tissues store triglycerides and glycogen
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adipose store triglycerides
liver and muscle stores glycogen |
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where and what events occur in beta oxidation pathway
-what products are used |
occurs in mitochondrial matrix
-uses 2 c-units, NADH and FADH2 to make acetyl CoA to start the Kreb's cycle |
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amino acids, produced by proteins digestion, are not stored. what happens to them instead
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broken down and used
-carbon and nitrogen skeletons make protein |
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what happens to amino acids that are not immediately used for energy or protein synthesis?
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go to the amino acid pool
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what is deamination
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removal of amino group
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how is urea formed
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the NH3 group gains an H+ (NH4)
it is mixed with CO2 and put into the urea cycle |
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what happens to the reduced coenzymes that are produced by the krebs cycle
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NADH, FADH2, go to the ETC to produce ATP
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how can altered amino acid molecules participate in the following:
gluconeogenesis lipogenesis ketogenesis |
gluconeogenesis-pyruvate makes new glucose
lipogenesis- carbon skeleton makes actyl CoA to make FA's ketogenesis-make acytyl Coa to ketone bodies |
