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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What must the mechanisms for digesting, absorbing and transporting triacylglycerols accommodate?
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their inherent hydrophobicity
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Where does triacylglycerol digestion take place?
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lipid-water interface
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Bile salts
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amphipathic detergent-like molecules that act to solubilize fat globules
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From what is bile acid a derivative?
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cholesterol
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What makes bile acids?
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liver
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As what are bile acids secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder?
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glycine or taurine conjugates
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Where does lipid digestion and absorption mainly take place?
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small intestine
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Pancreatic lipase or triacylglycerol lipase
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catalyzes the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol at their 1 and 3 positions to form 1,2-diacylglycerol and 2-acylglycerol
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Interfacial activation
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the enzymatic activity of pacreatic lipase greatly increases when it contacts the lipid-water interface
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What does binding to the lipid-water interface require?
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mixed micelles of phophatidylcholine, bile acids, and pancreatic colipase
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What does colipase do with lipase?
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forms a 1:1 complex
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Lipoproteins
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-complexes of lipid and protein
-globular micelle-like particles that consist of a nonpolar core of triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters surrounded by an amphiphilic coating of protein, phospholipid and cholesterol |
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What do intestinal mucosal cells do?
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convert dietary fatty acids to triacyglycerols and package them, along with dietary cholesterol, into liproproteins called chylomicrons
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Into what do the chylomicrons get released once they were made?
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released into the intestinal lymph and are transported through lymphatic system before draining into the large veins
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Endogenous
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internally produced
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Apolipoproteins
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protein components of lipoproteins
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Where do chylomicrons deliver dietary triacylglycerols?
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muscle and adipose tissue
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Where do chylomicrons deliver cholesterol?
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liver
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Chylomicron remnants
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chylomicrons after their triacylglycerols were progressively hydrolyzed down to cholesterol enriched chylomicrons
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What do very low density lipoproteins transport?
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endogenous triacylglycerols and cholesterol
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What degrades lipoproteins in the capillaries?
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lipoprotein lipase
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What controls the rate of LDL receptor synthesis?
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intracellular concentration of free cholesterol
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What function does HDL have?
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help remove cholesterol from the tissue
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Which organ is capable of disposing of large quantities of cholesterol?
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liver
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Simple lipid
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lipids that can't be broken down into smaller lipid constituents by hydrolysis reactions: triacylglycerol
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Complex lipid
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lipid composed of different molecules held together by ester linkages and susceptible to cleavage reactions
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Neutral lipid
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a class of lipid molecules that have no charge or polarity
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What are some charged or polar lipids?
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glycerophosolipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids
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Amphipathic
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having both a charged and non-charged (apolar) group in same structure
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Acylglycerol
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class of non-polar lipids whose distinguishing feature is one or more fatty acids esterified to glycerol
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Acylglycerolphosphate
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a class of polar lipids whose core structure is glycerol esterified to 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group
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emulsify
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physical act of breaking up a lipid compound into smaller components for purpose of dissolving or permitting greater interaction with water
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detergent
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a compound capable of emulsifying a lipid compound
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micelle
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organized group of fatty acids or amphipathic compounds that assumes an ordered configuration in aqueous solution
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