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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define:
Semiconservative replications |
The natural mode of DNA duplication in which each new duplex molecule contains one strand from the parent molecule, and one newly synthesized strand.
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Define:
θ structure |
The appearance of a circular DNA molecule under-going replication by the progressive separation of its two strands.
(i.e. the "bubble" that forms during DNA replication) |
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Define:
Replication fork |
The branch point in a replicating DNA molecule at which the two strands of the parental molecule are separated and serve as templates for the synthesis of the daughter strands.
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Define:
Okazaki fragments |
The short segments of DNA formed in the discontinuous lagging-strand synthesis of DNA.
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Define:
Semidiscontinuous replication |
The mode of DNA replication in which one strand is replicated as a continuous polynucleotide strand (the leading strand) while the other is replicated as a series of discontinuous fragments (Okazaki fragments) that are later joined (the lagging strand)
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Define:
Leading strand |
A newly synthesized DNA strand that extends 5' → 3' in the direction of travel of the replication fork. This strand is synthesized continuously.
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Define:
Lagging strand |
A newly synthesized DNA strand that extends 3' → 5' in the direction of travel of the replication dork.
This strand is synthesized as a series of discontinuous fragments that are later joined. |
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Define:
DNA Ligase |
The enzyme that covalently joins together the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.
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Define:
Primer |
An oligonucleotide that serves as a starting point for additional polymerization reactions catalyzed by DNA polymerase to form a polynucleotide.
A primer base-pairs with a segment of a template polynucleotide strand so as to form a short double-stranded segment that can then be extended through temple-directed polymerization. |
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Define:
Proofreading |
An additional catalytic activity of an enzyme, which acts to correct errors made by the primary enzymatic activity.
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