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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Isotope |
atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons |
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Radioisotope |
an unstable isotope that decays over time by emitting radiation |
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Molecule |
a substance composed of 2 or more non-metal atoms that are covalently bonded together |
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Organic Molecule |
a carbon-containing molecule in which carbon atoms are nearly always bonded to each other and to hydrogen |
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Biochemistry |
the study of the activity and properties of biologically important molecules
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Intramolecular |
occurring between atoms within a molecule
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Intermolecular |
occurring between atoms of different molecules |
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Hydrogen Bond |
a week association between at atom with partial negative charge and a hydrogen atom with partial positive charge
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Hydrophobic |
referring to non-polar molecules that do not have attractive interactions with water molecules |
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Hydrophilic |
referring to polar molecules that have attractive interactions with water molecules
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Ion |
an atom or group or atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative charge
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Functional Group |
an atom or group of atoms attached to a molecule that gives the molecule particular chemical and physical properties
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Macromolecule
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a large, complex molecule, usually composed of repeating units of smaller molecules covalently bonded together
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Polymer
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a large molecule composed of repeating smaller molecules (monomers)
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Monomer
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the smallest repeating unit of a polymer
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Carbohydrate |
a biological molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 1:2:1
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Monosaccharide |
a carbohydrate composed of between 3-7 carbon atoms |
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Disaccharide |
a carbohydrate composed of 2 monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond |
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Isomer |
one of 2 or more molecules with the same number and types of atoms, but different structural arrangements
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Polysaccharide |
A carbohydrate polymer composed of many monosaccharides joined by covalent bonds between particular atoms
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Lipid |
a biological macromolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with a high proportion of non-polar carbon-hydrogen atoms
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Triglyceride
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a lipid molecule composed of a glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids linked by ester bonds
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Fatty acid
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a hydrocarbon ending in a carboxyl group |
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Phospholipid
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a lipid composed of a glycerol molecule bonded to 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group with an R-group |
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Lipid Bilayer |
a structure with hydrophillic "heads" of phospholipids directed toward the aqueous environment and hydrophobic "tails" toward the centre, interacting with each other |
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Steroid |
a lipid composed of four attached carbon-based rings |
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Portein |
a biological macromolecule composed of amino acid monomers linked by covalent bonds |
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Amino Acid |
an organic molecule composed of a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable R-group |
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Polypeptide |
a polymer composed of many amino acids linked together by covalent bonds |
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Nucleic Acid |
biological macromolecule composed of nucleotide monomer |
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DNA |
nucleotide containing the sugar deoxyribose |
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RNA |
nucleotide containing the sugar ribose |
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Nucleotide |
an organic molecule composed of a sugar (5 carbon) bonded to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base |
