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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name some organic compounds in living organisms? |
1- carbohydrates 2-proteins 3-lipids 4-nucleic acids |
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Name inorganic compounds in living organism? |
1-water 2-carbon dioxide 3-acids 4-bases 5-salts |
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What are anabolic reactions? |
Those reactions in which simpler substances are combines to form complex substances are called anabolic reactions. Anabolic reactions need energy. |
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What is biochemistry? |
Biochemistry is a branch of biology which deals with the study of chemical components or chemical processes in living organisms. A basic knowledge of biochemistry is essential for understanding -anotomy -physiology - because all of the structures of an organism have biochemical organization. EXAMPLE: ❤️ Photosynthesis ❤️Respiration ❤️Digestion ❤️Muscle contraction Can all be described in biochemical terms. |
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What is metabolism? |
All the chemical reactions taking place within a cell Are collectively called metabolism. Metabolic processes are characterized as anabolism and catabolism. |
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What are catabolic reactions? |
Energy is released by the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones such reactions are called catabolic reactions. |
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What gives carbon a stable configuration? |
When a carbon atom combines with four atoms or radicals the four bonds are arranged symmetrically in a tetrahedron and result go give a stable configuration. The stability associated with the tetravalency of carbon atoms makes it a favourable element for the synthesis of complicated cellular structures. |
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What ability of carbon is responsible for the vast variety of organic compounds? |
Carbon atoms can combine mutually forming stable ,branched, unbranched chains or rings. This ability of carbon is responsible for the vast variety of organic compounds. |
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What is the basic element of organic compounds? |
Carbon |
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carbons unique property? |
It posseses central position in the skeleton of life . |
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What bond does carbon make? |
carbon is tetra valent. It can react with many other known elements forming covalent bonds. |
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What is covalent bond? |
Covalent bond results when two or more atoms complete their electron shells by sharing electrons. When an electron pair is shared between two atoms a single covalent bond results . EXAMPLE: bond bw two hydrogen atoms to form a hydrogen molecule. *Covalent bond stores large amount of energy. |
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What is the potential source of chemical energy for cellular activities? |
Carbon and hydrogen bond (C-H) is the potential source of chemical energy for cellular activities. |
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Use of C-O bond? |
C-O association in glycosidic linkages provides stability to the complex carbohydrate molecules. |
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C-N bond use? |
Carbon combines with nitrogen in amino acids linkages ( C-N) to form peptide bonds and forms proteins which are very important due to their diversity in structure and functions . |
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use of macromolecules? |
Large organic molecules with High molecular weight (macromolecules) such as cellulose, fats and proteins are generally insouluble in water hence they form structures of cells. STORAGE FOR SMALLER MOLECULES: they also serve as storage for smaller molecules like glucose which in turn are responsible for providing energy to the body . |
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Small molecules/ micro molecules use? |
Small molecules such as glucose, amino acids and fatty acids serve as either a source of energy or as a subunit to build macromolecules. -serve as a immediate source of energy for cellular metabolism. REASON: Because small molecules are so unstable that they are immediately broken down to release energy. |
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Percentage of water in different organisms? |
It varies from 65 to 89 percent in different organisms. |
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Percentage of water in bone cells? |
Human tissues contain about 20 percent of water in bone cells. |
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Percentage of water in brain cells? |
humans tissues contain 85 percent water in brain cells. |
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Why is water an excellent solvent? |
Due to its polarity water is an excellent solvent for polar substances. Ionic substances when dissolved in water dissociate into positive and negative ions . Non ionic substances having charged groups in their molecules are dispersed in water. |
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Why do all reactions in cells occur in aqueous media? |
When in a solution ions and molecules move randomly and are in a more favourable state to react with other molecules and ions . It is because of this property of water that all reactions in cells occur in aqueous media . |
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What is heat capacity of water? |
The number of calories required to raise the temperature of 1g of water from 15 to 16 C is 1. |
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Heat of vaporization? |
Heat of vaporization is expressed as calories absorbed per gram vaporized. The specific heat of vaporization of water is 574 kcal /kg which plays an important role in the regulation of heat due to oxidation. IMPORTANCE: -provides cooling effect to plants when water is transpired or to animals when water is perspired . |
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At what temperature the concentration of H+ and OH - ions is equal? |
At 25C the concentration of each of H+ and OH- ions in pure water is about 10'-7 mole/liter . |
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How is water an effective lubricant? |
Water is an effective lubricant which provides protection against damage resulting from friction. 1- tears protect the surface of eye from rubbing of eyelids 2- water also forms a fluid cushion around organs that helps to protect them from trauma. |
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What are carbohydrates? |
The word carbohydrate literally means hydrated carbons.they are composed of carbon hydrogen oxygen and the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is the same as in water. - their general formula is Cx (H2O)y. Chemically carbohydrates are defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or complex substances which on hydrolysis yield polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketone subunits. |
