Biochemistry

Front 1

Monosaccharide Functions

Back 1

Cellular Energy and Nucleic Acid Building

Hint 1

2 both related to the cell and making

Front 2

3 essential monosaccharides

Back 2

Glucose, Fructose and Galactose

Hint 2

Structural isomers

Front 3

One monosaccharide that doesn’t follow usual chem formula

Back 3

Deoxyribose (looses and O)

Front 4

Term of the bond between two carb molecules

Back 4

Glycosidic Bond

Front 5

3 main types of lipids

Back 5

Triglycerides, phospholipids and sterols

Front 6

Double bonds can be

Back 6

Cis or trans bonds

Front 7

What is the lipid bilayer strengthened by?

Back 7

Cholesterol below the bilayer

Front 8

Protein structure determined by the peptide sequence

Back 8

Primary Structure

Front 9

1st law of thermodynamics

Back 9

Total amount of energy within a system and its surroundings is constant OR energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only inter converted between forms

Front 10

2nd Law of thermodynamics

Back 10

Total entropy of a system and its surrounding always increases

Front 11

thermodynamics

Back 11

A set of principle that apply to all physical and biological processes and govern the conditions under which they can occur

Front 12

Entropy

Back 12

Level of disorder of a system

Hint 12

Messy/clean room

Front 13

System

Back 13

Whatever part of universe we’re interested in

Front 14

Closed system

Back 14

Cannot exchange matter across boundaries

Front 15

Open system

Back 15

Can pass matter back and forth across boundaries

Front 16

Surroundings

Back 16

Everything which surrounds the system

Hint 16

Water into ice

Front 17

Enthalpy

Back 17

Capacity of a system to store heat or energy

Front 18

Exothermic

Back 18

Release of heat during a reaction

Front 19

Endothermic

Back 19

Heat s absorbed during a reaction

Hint 19

Ice into water

Front 20

Gibbs Free Energy

Back 20

The amount of available energy to do work

Front 21

Gibbs Reaction

Back 21

G = H - TS

Front 22

Standard conditions

Back 22

298K / 25C

1 bar pressure

All reactances/products @1mol

Front 23

Biological temperature

Back 23

37C or 310K

Hint 23

Normal temperature measure

Front 24

Spontaneous process

Back 24

Change in G < 0

Front 25

Non-spontaneous process

Back 25

Change in G > 0

Front 26

Biological pH

Back 26

7 or 10-7M [H+]

Front 27

Delta G nought prime

Back 27

Under biological standards

Front 28

Spontaneous reaction

Back 28

Exergonic

G = -

Energetically favourable

Front 29

Non-spontaneous reaction

Back 29

Endergonic

G = +

Energetically unfavourable

Front 30

Rules of Gibbs free energy

Back 30

Reaction occurs spontaneously only if G = -

Reaction can’t occur spontaneously if G = +

Equilibrium: G = 0

G of reaction depends on free energy of reactants + products and depends on path taken to get there

G provides NO info about reaction rate

Front 31

Anabolic Reaction

Back 31

Constructing molecules from smaller units

Hint 31

Building

Front 32

Catabolic Reactions

Back 32

Breaking down molecules to form smaller unit

Hint 32

Breaking

Front 33

Oxidation

Back 33

Loss of electrons from molecule

Hint 33

OIL

Front 34

Reduction

Back 34

Gain of electrons to molecule

Hint 34

RIG

Front 35

Enzymes

Back 35

Biological catalysts = speed up metabolic reactions without themselves being altered

Front 36

Cofactor

Back 36

Any factor essentially involves in enzyme activity or protein function (inorganic)

Front 37

Coenzyme

Back 37

A cofactor which is directly unblocked in enzyme catalysed reactions (organic)

Front 38

Prosthetic group

Back 38

Covalently associated non-protein constituent required for a particular function (if the enzyme is covalently bonded to the protein)

Front 39

Velocity/rate of reaction

Back 39

The amount of substrate converted to product per unit time

Front 40

Michaelis Constant (Km)

Back 40

Measure of enzyme affinity for a substrate

Front 41

Enzyme kinetics

Back 41

The study of the rate of enzyme catalysed reactions

Front 42

Enzyme affinity

Back 42

The tendency of an enzyme to bind with its substrate or how well it does so

Front 43

Ligand

Back 43

Ions or neutral molecules that bond to a central metal atom or ion

Front 44

Biochemistry

Back 44

The chemistry of those compounds that occur in living organisms, and the processes that occur in their metabolism

Front 45

Metabolism

Back 45

The complete set of catabolic and anabolic reactions hat occur within living cells

Front 46

Anchoring Junctions

Back 46

Junctions wish anchor the cytoskeleton of cells to each other or the cytoskeleton of a cell to the ECM

Hint 46

Adherens and desmosomes

Front 47

Occluding Junctions

Back 47

Prevention of ions and small molecules between cells

Hint 47

Tight

Front 48

Communicating junctions

Back 48

Direct connection between the CYTOPLASM of two cells

Hint 48

Gap

Front 49

Nuclear export signal

Back 49

Sorting signal contained in the structure of macromolecules and complexes that are transported from the nucleus’s to the cytoskeleton through NPCs

Front 50

Nuclear pore complex

Back 50

Large multi protein structure forming a channel through the nuclear envelope that allows selected molecules to move between nucleus and cytoplasm

Front 51

Nuclear envelope

Back 51

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus

Front 52

Nuclear lamina

Back 52

Fibrous mesh work of proteins on the inner surface of the inner nuclear membrane

Front 53

Nuclear import receptor

Back 53

Protein that binds nuclear localisation signals and facilitates the transport of proteins with these signals from the cytoskeleton into the nucleus through NPCs

Front 54

Nuclear localisation signal

Back 54

Sorting signal found in proteins destined for the nucleus and which enable their selective transport into the nucleus from the cytoskeleton through the NPCs