Biochem Final Preggers And Ntn

Front 1

what allows nutrient exchange btwn mom and fetus

Back 1

placenta

Front 2

What maternal changes take place regarding blood volume and cardiac volume?

Back 2

blood volume increases up to 50% this increases the Cardiac volume

Front 3

What will be the likely result on the fetus if blood volume does not change appropriatel

Back 3

fetus wont grow properly

**cant perfuse the placenta and baby wont get nutrients

Front 4

waht would cause the moms blood volume to not increase

Back 4

poor nutrition

Front 5

how is the placenta similiar to the BBB

Back 5

1. permiable, but placent is more so
2. Glut 1 Glut 3
3. Only EFA essential FA can cross
4. AA, specific transport, secondary active transport, more aa in baby than mom

Front 6

how does glucose cross the placenta

name 2 featrues of this type of transporter

Back 6

Glut 1
Glut 3


**low Km, high affinity
**NOT insulin dependent

Front 7

what fuels does baby use

Back 7

glucose
ketones

Front 8

tell me about FA transport across the placenta

Back 8

ONLY EFA

Front 9

what induces IR in the mom

Back 9

the placents secretes antiinsulin hormonse, (endocrine function)

TNFa, cortisol, GH, Prolactin

Front 10

why does the mom need to be IR?

Back 10

so baby gets
1. glucose
2. Ketone
3. AA

**theses r transported via facilitsted diffusion so its important tht the mothes levels are kept high so the conc grad favors transport into baby

Front 11

so we know that the placenta secretes things like TNFa which induces IR, does this cause gestational diabetes

Back 11

nope,

Gestational DM is brought on with IR only if obesity or underlying IR was already there

Front 12

waht are 2 related risk factors for gestational DM

Back 12

obesity
existing level of IR

Front 13

how many extra calories theoretically does a woman need to eat to support baby?

how mant does she actually eat

Back 13

200-300

100

Front 14

what is the approximate percent of IBW that a mom should gain

Back 14

20%

Front 15

because mom gives glucose, ketones and aa to baby what does she use for metabolism

Back 15

FA, not the EFA- baby takes those too!

Front 16

what nutrient shoots through the roof in mom, even in fasting?

Back 16

TAG

**baby takes everything else and mom relies on FA oxidation for her fuel

Front 17

if youdont gain enough weight in preggers whay can happen

Back 17

spontaneous preterm delivery

*miscarriage

Front 18

waht group of women need to gain more than just 20% of IBW in pregnenay

Back 18

adolescent moms

Front 19

what should the obese womens weight gain look like

Back 19

obese should gain less than am IBW mom but they still shoudl gain, no loosing weight!

Front 20

what happens if a mom gains more than 35 lbs. risjs

Back 20

anything that can go wring does

*preeclampsia
*NTD
*HTN
* c section
*macrosomia, obese
*neonal seizures
*infant hypoglycemia

Front 21

what happens if a mom gains too little weight... risks

Back 21

1. preterm delivery

Front 22

what causes an infant to be born with macrosomia

Back 22

*macrosomia is an obese baby, not just big but excess fat

*maternal hyperglycemia causes fat deposition in baby

Front 23

what is the non medelian way disease is transmitted

Back 23

Developmental Origins of Human Disease Hypothesis

Front 24

Name 3 ways besides DNA changes that elements of disease may be transmitted to offspring

Back 24

1. DNA activation/deavtivation
2. Intrauterine conditions
3. family lifestyle

Front 25

poor maternal nutrition gives the baby what phenotype, what does this increase the risk of?

Back 25

thrifty
obesity

Front 26

LBW babies are at risk for developing what 5 things?

Back 26

1. Metabolic Symdrome
2. Obesity
3. IR
4. DM II
5. CVD

Front 27

what two maternal conditions make baby likely to be obese

Back 27

1. obese mom-macrosomia
2. malnurished mom-thrifty phenotype

Front 28

why does LBW tend toward HTN

Back 28

small babies have less cells so less nophrons, each of which do more work and cause stress/overwork

Front 29

why are LBW babies more likelt to develop. HTN, CVD, (metabolic syndoeme, central obesity, IR, DM II)

Back 29

they have less cells during critical development and so have less cells and hte cells get overworked

**critical period, cant go back and make more nephrons

Front 30

what defect os caused by lack of folate

Back 30

NTD- spina bifidia, aencephaly, hydrocephaly

**folate required for DNA synthesis

Front 31

whatn in folate super important

Back 31

fisrt month of preggers

Front 32

how does maternal Fe get to the baby

Back 32

placenta abs maternal transferrin

Front 33

what happens to maternal Fe stores after pregnancy

Back 33

depleted, takes years to replace

**placenta takes up all of the Fe regardless of moms needs, moms stores are depleted

Front 34

other than NTD what else does folate help wth

Back 34

decreased cloft palate
degreased maternal megoblastic anemia

Front 35

whats the cool thing about Fe and preggers

Back 35

Fe abs increases up to 50% in last trimester

Front 36

why does Fe need increase in preggers

Back 36

Fetal blood/Hg
Maternal BV increase
Placental Development

Front 37

waht are EFA's used for by baby?

Back 37

strucrure, not fuel

Nervous system development. need lots of omega 3!

Front 38

what happens to baby if there is not enough EFA

Back 38

low IQ

Front 39

whats the deal with seafood and pregnancy

Back 39

1. contaminants, Hg, PBA

**salmon and shrimp shoufl be ok bc low Hg, Shark and Tilefish should be avoided

Front 40

how is Ca abs altered by pregnancy

Back 40

its increased bc of increased estrogen which increases intestinal receptor translation

Front 41

does the RDA for Ca increase

Back 41

nope, increased estrogen increases the abs

Front 42

does Fe abs increase during pregnancy

Back 42

yep

Front 43

does Fe RDA increase

Back 43

yep

Front 44

so Ca RDA is the _____
Ca abs is ______

Fe RDA ________
Fe abs __________-

Back 44

RDA same
Abs increase

RDA increase
abs increases

Front 45

Ca supplements and preggers

Back 45

though ABS increases, RDA does not increase...BUT many ppl dont get the RDA/.

**supplements decrease HTN in baby and preeclamsia in mom

Front 46

RDA of Zn ______
why

Back 46

increases
DNA synthesis, DNA polymerase

Front 47

what vitamin shouldnt be taken in excess

Back 47

vit A


*retinly a, retinoids such as accutane are teratogenic

Front 48

does RDA of C increase?

Back 48

yep

**espif your a smoker

Front 49

does RDA of vit e increase

Back 49

NO

Front 50

why is smoking harmful

Back 50

vasoconstriction
LBW bc baby doesnt get enough blood/nutrients

**vit c increases with smoking

Front 51

if a pregger mom is goninf to drink how shoudl it be done

Back 51

small amt everyday, not a binge