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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Glucose + Glucose = ? |
Maltose + water |
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Glucose + Galactose = ? |
Lactose + water |
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Glucose + Fructose = ? |
Sucrose + water |
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What is a carbohydrate? |
A Hydrophilic organic molecule |
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What is the general formula of a carbohydrate? |
(CH2O)n, n = number of carbon atoms
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What is the chemical formula for glucose? |
C6H12O6
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What are the three major monosaccharides? |
Glucose, galactose and fructose
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How are monosaccharides mainly produced? |
By digestion of complex carbohydrates
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What are the three major disaccharides? |
Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose
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How are disaccharides mainly produced? |
Dehydration synthesis of two monosaccharides |
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What are Polysaccharides? |
Long chains of glucose
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Name three Polysaccharides |
Starch, cellulose and glycogen
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What is the difference in structure between starch, glycogen and cellulose? |
Starch is a constant chain of glucose, glycogen has side chains, and cellulose is an alternating chain of glucose
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How is starch produced? |
It is produced by plants and is broken into maltose by the enzyme amylase
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What does cellulose do? |
Gives structure to plants, fiber to our diet
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How does Starch Hydrolysis occur? |
Hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond
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What is the enzyme and product of Starch Hydrolysis? |
Amylase is the enzyme, Maltose is the product
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What is Glycogen? |
An energy storage polysaccharide produced by animals.
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What is the relationship between liver cells and Glycogen? |
Liver cells synthesis Glycogen after a meal to maintain blood sugar levels. |
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What has more branches: Glycogen or Starch? |
Glycogen |
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What is a glycosidic bond? |
a C-O-C bond used to turn monosaccharides into polysaccharides |
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What is a monosaccharide? |
A simple sugar, usually consists of 5 or 6 carbon atoms forming a ring structure |
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In a monosaccharide, what is a 6 carbon ring called? How about a 5 carbon ring? |
A 6 carbon ring is called a Hexose, a 5 carbon ring is called a pentose
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