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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1st level immune protection |
physical/chemical barriers |
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2nd level immune response/protection |
innate/nonspecific immune response |
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3rd level immune response/protection |
adaptive immune response/system
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Immune Barriers |
ex. Physical: mucous, natural flora, chemical:sweat (acid), stomach acid(PH ~1) |
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Leukocytes (talked about ~6 types) |
cells that leave the the bloodstream into tissues to attack potential threats |
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Neutrophil |
(Leukocyte) commen, phagocytic |
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Eosinophils |
(Leukocytes) target lrgr parasites (nematodes)-release enzyme to break down cell wall and destroy |
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Natural Killer Cells |
(Leukocytes) target abnormal / virus infected cells+ release signals to trigger apoptosis/ lysis
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Basophils |
(Leukocytes) work w/mast cells, and accumulate at site of need +release: Histamine, + Prostaglandins. - the basophils themselves do not kill invaders, they help movement of other immune cells |
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Monocytes (Macrophages) |
(Leukocytes) migrate in bloodstream to site, engulf invaders+take part of them and present them to adp. immune response. ( Purpose is more to ID more than kill them all themselves)
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Dendritic Cells |
(part of innate immune response)-often found in organs etc. bind to small invaders and move them to our lymph system. which then presents them to adp. immune response. |
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Histamine |
dilates capillaries |
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Prostaglandins |
promotes blood flow |
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Complement protiens |
(innate response) produced in liver found in blood. inactive until triggered by recognition of microbe --then- flag invaders - cause lysis of gram neg. bacteria - trigger inflammation- increase blood flow |
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Inflammatory Response |
(innate response) dilation of blood vessels+ become more permeable. -allows more blood (w/ immune system cells) to reach site. + - permeability allows defense cells to leave bloodstream+ enter infected tissues |
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inflammatory response |
some leukocytes release progen: -increases body temp(fever). |
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Fever |
inhibits microbial life/growth+ speeds up reactions w/in body |
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Lymphocytes |
(group/ types of leukocytes)- Adp. immune response-multiple lymphocytes(4ish) |
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B-Cells |
Lymphocytes-have B-cell receptor- circulate in blood/ lymph nodes searching. when they encounter a threatening antigen, they Sensitize,
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Helper T-Cells |
Lymphocytes- contact sensitized b-cells (w/ antigens attached) + activates the B-cells, Who then can make antibodys specific to the antigen
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Memory B-Cells |
Lymphocytes- after sensitized B- cells are activated along w/creating antibodys they create- memory b-cells, for future recognition
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Cytotoxic T-cells |
chemically kill specific invaders, (terminator cells)release toxins-destroy membrane, cause apoptosis, (can take days) create memory cells as well |
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Helper T-cells |
stimulate/activate other lymphocytes+ produce memory helper T-cells. - stimulate maturation of cytotoxic T-cells -activate sensitized B-cells -attract phagocytes and or natural killer cells( from innate response) |
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Suppression T-Cells |
secreat suppression factors that slows T and B cell production- keeps immune response from over-reacting. |
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Antibodys |
bind to antigens on microbes, that may: -neutralize(bind to them+prevent them from binding to other cells) -attract complement protein system to destroy it -attract certain T-cells, phagocytes, and/or natural killer cells -Flag the antigens w/antibodys |
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Antigens |
-Part of cell surface, made of proteins etc. part of the cell itself, for other cells to id them. -structure on cell surface that can be investigated by our defense cells |
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Histocompatability Complex (MHC) |
all of our neucleated cells have MHC protiens on surface. The platforms where body cells attach parts of their own cytoplasm- for defense cells to assess. These parts of the cytoplasm then become antigens |
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Active immunity |
result of the indv's. exposure to infections. and memory cells that have been created. respond more quickly. (can also be acquired artificially via vaccines). |
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Passive Immunity |
aquired from antibodys crossing the placenta to fetus/ through breast milk. from mother. |
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Anaphylatic Shock |
widespread mast cells triggered by an allergen. >massive release of histamine dilates blood vessels. >drop in blood around important organs. |
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Epinephrine (in Epi pen) |
causes blood flow back towards the heart/organs |
