Bio Test 3

Front 1

Autotrophs

Back 1

"Self-feeders", make their own food

Front 2

Heterotrophs

Back 2

"other-feeders", cannot make their own food

Front 3

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Back 3

In the chloroplasts

Front 4

The gas exchange part of a plant is called what?

Back 4

Stomata

Front 5

Thick fluid outside the chloroplasts

Back 5

stroma

Front 6

Chlorophyll is found inside what?

Back 6

The thylakoid

Front 7

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Back 7

Carbon Dioxide, water and light

Front 8

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Back 8

Glucose and oxygen

Front 9

Energized electrons are added to what to make sugar?

Back 9

Carbon Dioxide

Front 10

The stroma can be found where?

Back 10

Outside the chloroplasts

Front 11

What provides the energy required in photosynthesis?

Back 11

Sunlight

Front 12

Photosynthesis is composed of what two parts?

Back 12

The photo part (light reactions) and the synthesis part (Calvin cycle)

Front 13

What occurs during the photo part of photosynthesis?

Back 13

Light reactions convert solar energy to chemical energy

Front 14

What occurs during the synthesis part of photosynthesis?

Back 14

The Calvin cycle makes sugar from carbon dioxide

Front 15

The two parts of photosynthesis happen inside what?

Back 15

The Chloroplasts

Front 16

Light reaction phase of photosynthesis occurs inside what?

Back 16

Thykaloid membrane

Front 17

The Calvin cycle happens inside what part of the chloroplast?

Back 17

Stroma

Front 18

Chloroplasts are powered by what?

Back 18

The sun

Front 19

Chloroplasts convert solar energy into what?

Back 19

Chemical energy

Front 20

Sunlight is a type of energy called what?

Back 20

Radiation or electromagnetic energy

Front 21

The pigment that absorbs sunlight is found inside what?

Back 21

Thykaloids

Front 22

What are the 3 pigments of chloroplast?

Back 22

Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids.

Front 23

Which pigment serves as a protective pigment?

Back 23

Carotenoids

Front 24

Which pigment is the most direct and critical?

Back 24

Chlorophyll a

Front 25

What color is chlorophyll a

Back 25

Blue-green

Front 26

What color is carotenoids?

Back 26

Orange

Front 27

Discrete packets of energy is called?

Back 27

Photons

Front 28

Photons are absorbed by what?

Back 28

Chlorophyll molecules

Front 29

Stacks of thykaloids are called?

Back 29

Granum

Front 30

Two types of photosystems cooperate in the light reaction, what are they?

Back 30

Water-splitting and NADPH-producing

Front 31

What connects the two photosystems?

Back 31

An electron transport chain

Front 32

What is produced in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?

Back 32

Glucose

Front 33

What is required for the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?

Back 33

CO2, ATP and NADPH

Front 34

Exact copying of a cell is called what?

Back 34

Mitosis

Front 35

A human cell contains how many chromosomes?

Back 35

46 or 23 pairs

Front 36

Chromatin is a combination of what?

Back 36

DNA and protein molecules

Front 37

Chromosomes are made of?

Back 37

Chromatin

Front 38

Before a cell divides it duplicates all of its chromosomes resulting in two copies called?

Back 38

Sister chromatids

Front 39

The organized process the cell goes through is called the ?

Back 39

Cell cycle

Front 40

The cell cycle consists of what two distinct phases?

Back 40

Interphase and Mitotic phase

Front 41

Sister chromatids are joined together by?

Back 41

Centromeres

Front 42

What happens in the S phase?

Back 42

The copying of genetic material, or DNA

Front 43

What are the 4 phases of mitosis in order?

Back 43

1. Prophase
2.Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase

Front 44

Mitosis creates what type of cell?

Back 44

Diploid

Front 45

The mitotic spindle forms during what phase of mitosis?

Back 45

Prophase

Front 46

The sister chromatids line-up in what phase of mitosis?

Back 46

Metaphase

Front 47

The sister chromatids separate during what phase of mitosis?

Back 47

Anaphase

Front 48

Division of the cytoplasm is called?

Back 48

Cytokinesis

Front 49

In what phase of mitosis can we observe the cleavage furrow?

Back 49

Telophase

Front 50

Cytokinesis happens during what phase?

Back 50

Telophase

Front 51

Is cytokinesis the same in both animal and plant cells?

Back 51

No

Front 52

What forms during cytokinesis in plants?

Back 52

Cell plate

Front 53

A disease of the cell cycle is called?

Back 53

Cancer

Front 54

Sexual reproduction depends on what two things?

Back 54

Meiosis and fertilization

Front 55

Half the number of normal chromosomes is called?

Back 55

Haploid

Front 56

A typical human body cell is called a what?

Back 56

Somatic cell

Front 57

XX are the chromosomes of who?

Back 57

Females

Front 58

XY are the chromosomes of who?

Back 58

Males

Front 59

Orderly arrangement of cells is called a?

Back 59

Karyotype

Front 60

matching pairs of chromosomes are called what?

Back 60

Homologous chromosomes

Front 61

How many pairs of Autosomes do human have?

Back 61

22 pairs

Front 62

How many pairs of sex chromosomes do human cells have?

Back 62

1 pair

Front 63

Meiosis involves how many generations of division?

Back 63

2

Front 64

Crossing over occurs in what type of division?

Back 64

Meiosis

Front 65

All the differences of meiosis happen in what generation?

Back 65

Meiosis 1

Front 66

Crossing over occurs during what phase of meiosis?

Back 66

Prophase 1

Front 67

A cell that contains half of the genetic material can be called a what?

Back 67

Haploid cell

Front 68

What happens in nondisjunction?

Back 68

The members of a chromosome pair fail to separate during anaphase

Front 69

What is produced in nondisjunction?

Back 69

gametes with an incorrect number of chromosomes

Front 70

What can result from a gamete with an extra chromosome?

Back 70

Down syndrome

Front 71

chromosome 21 or trisomy 21 refers to what?

Back 71

Down syndrome

Front 72

Green pigment located inside the chloroplasts

Back 72

chlorophyll

Front 73

interconncected membrane sacs

Back 73

thylakoids

Front 74

interior of the thylakoids

Back 74

thylakoid space

Front 75

what happens when the chloroplasts split water

Back 75

it turns to hydrogen and oxygen

Front 76

Water-splitting happens during what phase of photosynthesis?

Back 76

the photo phase

Front 77

What 3 types of light can be produced from the chloroplast?

Back 77

Reflected, absorbed, transmitted

Front 78

The entire range of radiation is known as the ?

Back 78

Electromagnetic spectrum

Front 79

The entire range of radiation is known as the ?

Back 79

Electromagnetic spectrum

Front 80

What spectrum's of light work best for photosynthesis?

Back 80

Violet-blue and red

Front 81

What color light do carotenoids absorb?

Back 81

Violet and blue-green

Front 82

reaction-center complex can be found in where?

Back 82

A photosystem

Front 83

All body cells except the reproductive cells are called?

Back 83

Somatic cells

Front 84

the shortest part of the cell cycle is the ?

Back 84

Mitotic (M) phase

Front 85

The assembly of spindle mircotubules starts at ?

Back 85

The Centrosome

Front 86

A subcellular region containing material that functions throughout the cell cycle to organize the cells mirotubules

Back 86

centrosome

Front 87

Where and when does the mitotic spindle begin to form?

Back 87

Cytoplasm during prophase

Front 88

The two chromosomes composing a pair having the same length, centromere position and staining pattern are called?

Back 88

Homologous chromosomes

Front 89

cells with single chromosome sets are called?

Back 89

Haploid cells

Front 90

The nuclear envelope starts to disappear during what phase?

Back 90

Prophase

Front 91

The nuclear envelope reappears during what phase?

Back 91

Telophase

Front 92

located at the center of the centrosomes.

Back 92

centrioles