Bio Test 3

Front 1

Darwin didn't like the term evolution preferring the phrase...

Back 1

Decent with modification

Front 2

What is the preferred phrase for the fossil evidence that shows how traits evolve within lineages. (Lineages = groups of related organisms consisting of an ancestor and its descendants)

Back 2

Transitional features

Front 3

Which guy is the geologist that determined that the earth was older than the bible based estimates of the time predicted? (The Man Who Found Time)

Back 3

Hutton

Front 4

What kind of structures show how the same initial structure has been modified in different groups to meet different needs? (Such as the radius and ulna found both in our arm and the wings of birds)

Back 4

Homologous structures

Front 5

What mammals lay eggs?

Back 5

Monotremes

Front 6

Natural selection has 4 basic requirements:

Back 6

Reproduction
Heredity
Variation in a trait
Variation in fitness as a result of the trait

Front 7

What do we call the adaptation of distantly related organisms to similar selective pressures where it produces features with similar function or even a superficial resemblance.

Back 7

Convergent evolution

Front 8

What produces the variation for natural selection to work on?

Back 8

Random mutation

Front 9

What is the name of the theory that processes that shape the earth today are the same, and occur at the same rate, as the processes that shaped them in the past.

Back 9

Uniformitarianism

Front 10

Who gave Darwin the idea that competition for limited resources only allows some to survive and reproduce.

Back 10

Malthus

Front 11

Simple definition of fitness?

Back 11

Relative reproduction

Front 12

Wallace is known as the Father of ...

Back 12

Biogeography

Front 13

Natural selection acts directly on the

Back 13

Phenotype

Front 14

What principle describes a hypothetical, non-evolving (equilibrium) population where the allele frequencies do not change over time.

Back 14

Hardy - Weinburg

Front 15

What term means the change in allele frequencies in a population by chance events.

Back 15

Genetic drift

Front 16

What population phenomenon occurs when the population is reduced to a very small number, removing some of the alleles present in the former, large population. (Over hunting, habitat loss)

Back 16

Bottleneck

Front 17

Interbreeding can increase the incidence of ___________, which may increase the likelihood of genetic defects.

Back 17

Homozygotes

Front 18

What do we call a form of selection that acts on animals to help acquire a mate.

Back 18

Sexual selection

Front 19

What do we call selection that 'favors' individuals at one extreme of the distribution of a trait. This will shift the average value of a trait in one direction over time.

Back 19

Directional selection

Front 20

The unit of evolution is the

Back 20

Population

Front 21

What species concept defines species as a groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations, which are reproductively isolated from other such groups.

Back 21

Biological species concept

Front 22

What term men's the splitting of a population by a geographic barrier

Back 22

Vicariance

Front 23

In what form of speciation do two populations diverge when geographically separated?

Back 23

Allopatric speciation

Front 24

Post mating isolating mechanisms

Back 24

Gametic incompatibility
Hybrid inviability
Hybrid infertility

Front 25

What do we call the arising of many new species in a relatively short time. Making it difficult for scientists to determine precise relationships.

Back 25

Adaptive radiation

Front 26

What isolating mechanism would we see where we see two species of birds don't interbreed because the female fails to recognize the mating dance and plumage (feathers) of the males of the different species

Back 26

Behavioral isolation

Front 27

What pair of scientist set out to simulate the first stage of prebiotic evolution in the laboratory and got some simple organic chemicals in a few days

Back 27

Miller and Urey

Front 28

What is the term for the idea, disproved by scientists like Pasteur, that organisms arise from non living matter.

Back 28

Spontaneous generation

Front 29

Which isotope has a short half life and is incorporated into living tissues. (Suitable for dating back most recent objects such as Neanderthal or Mammoth remains)

Back 29

Carbon

Front 30

What is the term for the idea that early eukaryotic cells acquired the precursors of mitochondria and chloroplasts by engulfing certain types of bacteria

Back 30

Endosymbiont hypothesis

Front 31

What is the correct term for the method of aging rock based on the decay of isotopes.

Back 31

Radiometric dating

Front 32

What came first the chloroplast or the mitochondrion

Back 32

Mitochondrion

Front 33

What factor used to measure biodiversity is a count of the number of different types of organisms present

Back 33

Richness

Front 34

What do we call a community where the number of individuals are relatively equally spread among the different species.

Back 34

Heterogeneous

Front 35

What type of non-life: are cellular parasites consisting of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, lack membranes, ribosomes, cytoplasm, the ability to grow/extract energy/reproduce on their own, and are difficult to treat because they "hide" in cells

Back 35

Viruses

Front 36

What term means the evolutionary history of an organism and its relatives.

Back 36

Phylogeny

Front 37

Traits used to produce phylogenic trees are both shared and ______.

Back 37

Derived

Front 38

What domain is characterized by the lack of a nucleus, peptidoglycan cell walls, and commonly form bio films

Back 38

Bacteria

Front 39

We recognize that birds are descended from the same common ancestor that gave us the reptiles. If we simply recognize the birds being apart of reptiles, rather than being something different as scientists used to think, the reptiles can be referred to as a ___________ group.

Back 39

Monophyletic

Front 40

What term is used to describe an organism that makes its own nutrients from inorganic sources, a self feeder?

Back 40

Autotroph

Front 41

What type of plants that only live in moist habitats are characterized by a lack of true roots, stems and leaves. (Mosses are the most familiar form)

Back 41

Non vascular plants

Front 42

Plant reproduction is best described by the phrase

Back 42

Alternation of generations

Front 43

What group of plants dominant over the past 100 million years, appears to have evolved during the time of the dinosaurs and possess 3 key adaptations. (Flowers, fruit and broad leaves)

Back 43

Angiosperms

Front 44

What is the value of a fruit to the plant

Back 44

Encourage seed dispersal

Front 45

What is the term for one-cell-thick filaments that form nearly all of a fungus

Back 45

Hyphae

Front 46

What group of animals are sessile filter feeders that are odd because they lack true tissues

Back 46

Porifera

Front 47

What is the most diverse and abundant phylum of animals

Back 47

Arthropoda

Front 48

What group of Chordates, know as the lobe-finned fishes,because of the large bones and muscles found in the fins of the aquatic forms do both we and the Coelacanth belong to?

Back 48

Sarcopterygii

Front 49

The tetrapods are the group of 4-limbed organisms that colonized the land. What division of this group adapted to land via an egg that contains not only nutrients but also a fluid filled cavity around the embryo

Back 49

Amniota

Front 50

Sharks and their relatives have jaws but their bodies are supported by a skeleton made of cartilage than of bone. Which group consists of just sharks and their relatives?

Back 50

Chondrichthyes