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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chromosome |
the visible bodies within dividing cells that contain DNA and carry genetic info |
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chromatid |
a subunit of a chromosome, contains one DNA molecule |
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chromosome disjunction |
separation of members of homologous chromosomes during meiosis |
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gene |
a segment of the DNA molecule that codes for a certain character |
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locus |
the location of a certain gene on the chromosome |
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allele |
a variant of the same gene |
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monohybrid cross |
crosses between genotypes with one locus that are heterozygous |
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dihybrid cross |
crosses between genotypes with two loci that are both heterozygous |
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test-cross |
cross between a homozygous recessive and an unknown genotype |
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back-cross |
cross between an offspring (F1 usually) genotype and one of the parental genotypes |
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gene pool |
the set of all alleles at all loci carried by individuals in a population |
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genotypic frequency |
the proportion of a given genotype within a population |
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allele frequency |
the proportion of a certain allele at a given locus within a population |
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mutation |
random change in the genetic code |
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genetic drift |
random changes in allele frequencies in a population from generation to generation |
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migration/gene flow |
movement of genes between populations |
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inbreeding |
mating between relatives |
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inbreeding depression |
loss or decrease of vigor, survivorship, and or fecundity due to inbreeding |
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selection |
differential reproduction among differing phenotypes in a population |
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heritability |
proportion of phenotypic variation in a population due to genetics |
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selection differential |
the difference between the mean of the group selected for reproduction and the mean of the entire population |
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cline |
gradual changes in the phenotype along an environmental gradient |
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race |
group of populations with similar allele frequencies that are different from those of other populations |
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evolution |
changes in allele frequencies within a population |
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allopatric speciation |
species formation from a common ancestor in geographically separate locations |
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sympatric speciation |
species formation from a common ancestor in the same geographical location |
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industrial melanism |
increase in the frequency of the dark phenotype due to industrial pollution |
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reproductive isolating barriers |
genetically determined (heritable) mechanisms preventing gene flow between populations |
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polyploidy |
the state of having more than two sets of chromosomes |
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adaptive differentiation |
development of different phenotypes from a common ancestor due to adaptations to different environments |
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adaptive radiation |
development of several new species from a common ancestor due to adaptations to different environments |
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parallel evolution |
similar changes in the phenotype between two geographically isolated taxa |
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divergent evolution |
accumulation of phenotypic differences between two lineages originating from a common ancestor over time |
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convergent evolution |
development of phenotypic similarities between distantly related taxa over time |
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phyletic evolution (anagenesis) |
gradual changes in the phenotype without speciation (splitting or branching) events over time |
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punctuated equilibrium |
sudden development of new phenotypes that stay the same over long period of time |
