Bio Quiz 2

Front 1

Cytosol comprises ___% of the cell volume and is the primary site of _______________.

Back 1

50, metabolism

Front 2

Metabolism

Back 2

Sum of chemical reactions by which cells produce materials and energy to function

Front 3

Enzymes

Back 3

Proteins which speed up biochemical reactions (ex. metabolism)

Front 4

Catabolism

Back 4

The break down of molecules to capture energy or use smaller components

Front 5

Anabolism

Back 5

The synthesis of molecules (micro & macro)

Front 6

Describe cytoplasm composure

Back 6

Very crowded, large molecules will not move by diffusion alone. "Jello density"- proteins, organelles

Front 7

Cytoskeleton gives the cell ______ & _____.

Back 7

Structure & shape (non membrane bound)

Front 8

Microtubules, cytoskeleton filaments

Diameter:

Structure:

Composition:

Common Functions:

Back 8

Diameter: 25 nm

Structure: hollow tubule

Composition:tubulin protein

Common Functions:

-cell shape

-organization of cell organelles

-chromosome sorting

-intracellular movement of cargo

-cell motility (cilia & flagella)

Front 9

Intermediate filaments

Diameter:

Structure:

Composition:

Common Functions:

Back 9

Diameter: 10 nm

Structure: twisted filament

Composition:proteins (desmin, keratin, lamin)

Common Functions:

-cell shape

-mechanical strength

-anchorage of cell and nuclear membrane

Front 10

Actin filaments

Diameter:

Structure:

Composition:

Common Functions:

Back 10

Diameter: 7 nm

Structure: spiral filament

Composition: actin protein

Common Functions:

-cell shape

-muscle contraction

-cell movement

-animal cell division

-intracellular cargo movement

Front 11

Motor proteins

Back 11

Help move various objects in the cell or create movement of filaments. REQUIRES ATP.

Front 12

Flagella

Back 12

Longer than cilia, present singly or in pairs (9+2 microtubule array)

Front 13

Cilia

Back 13

Shorter than flagella, cover all or part of the cell surface (9+2 microtubule array)

Front 14

Nucleus

Back 14

Brain, composed of DNA & protein = chromatin

-Ribosome assembly

-Nuclear matrix

Front 15

Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 15

Network of membranes that form flattened, fluid-filled tubules

Rough ER: ribosomes, protein synthesis/ sorting

Smooth ER: no ribosomes, detox, carbohydrate balance, synthesis, & modification of lipids

Front 16

Golgi apparatus

Back 16

Secrete, process, protein sorting

Front 17

Lysosomes

Back 17

Contain acid hydrolases that perform hydrolysis

Break down proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids

Autophagy: recycle worm-out organelles through endocytosis

Front 18

Vacuoles

Back 18

Central: in plants, storage and support

Contractile: in protists, expel excess water

Phagocytic: in protists & WBC, degradation

Front 19

Peroxisomes

Back 19

Catalyze reactions that break down molecules by removing H or adding 02

Catalase breaks down H202 into H20 and 02

(hydrogen peroxide)

Front 20

Semiautonomous organelles

Back 20

Grow, divide, and reproduce themselves

Depend on other parts of the cell (ex: mitochondria, and chloroplasts)

Front 21

Mitochondria

Back 21

Make ATP, outer and inner membrane

Synthesis, modification, and breakdown of cellular molecules

Front 22

Plasma membrane

Back 22

Boundary

Transport in and out of cell

Selectively permeable

Cell signaling using receptors

Front 23

Chloroplasts

Back 23

Photosynthesis: light energy to glucose

Plants

Own DNA, divide by binary fission

Front 24

Endosymbiotic Theory

Back 24

Bacteria were taken inside of other cells and through evolution became the organelles of eukaryotes

Front 25

Co-translational sorting

Back 25

a

Front 26

Post-translational sorting

Back 26

b

Front 27

a

Back 27

b