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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Digestion
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breaking down food and absorbing its constituents
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energy metabolism
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chemical changes that make energy available for use
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cephalic phase
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energy absorbed
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fasting phase
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withdrawl energy from reserves;ends with next cephalic phase
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Insulin
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high during cephalic and absoprtove phase
- triggers glucose use -triggers conversion of bloofborne energy to fat, glycogen and protein - triggers energy storage in adipose cells, liver and muscles |
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glucagon
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high during fast phase
- triggers change of stored energy usable fuel:fat to free fatty acis and then ketones; protein to glucose |
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Define the set point assumption
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-despite lack of evidence most believe that hunger is a respons to an energy need; we eat to maintain an energy set point
- typical assumption eating worjs like a themostat, a negative feedback system- turns on when energy is needed, off when set point is reached |
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Positive - Incentive Perspective
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-We are drawn to eat by the anticipated pleasure of eating - we have evolved to crave food
- multiple factors interact to determine the positive- icnentive value of eating - accouns for the impact |
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What is the adaptive species- typical preferences
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sweet and fatty foods- high energy
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What are the adaptive typical aversions
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bitter- often associated with toxins
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What are the learned preferenes and aversions
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- rats prefer diet with vitamins, foods they smell in mother's milk or other rat's breaths
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What factors that influence when we eat
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- we tend to get hungry at mealtime
- as mealtime approaches the body enters the cephalic phase leading to a decrease in blood glucose - pavlovian conditioning of hunger demonstrated experimentally |
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What factors that influence eating how much we eat cont....
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- satiety / stops a meal "being full"
- satiety signals - food in gut and glucose in the blood can induce satiety signals - shame eating - satiety signals are not necessary for meal termination - rats beginning sham eating at normal - sized meal if food is familiar |
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What factors that influence how much we eat
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Appetizer effect - small amounts of food may increase hunger
- social influences -sensory specifity satiety - eat more with a cafeteria diet - satiely largely taste - specific |
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Negative feedback systems
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systems in which feedback from changes in one direction elicit compensatory effects in the opposite direction
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homeostasis
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a stable internal environment which is critical for mammals survival
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nutritive density
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(calories per unit volume ) of food
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