Bio Psych

Front 1

What are the 3 major parts of a neuron?

Back 1

dendrite, soma (cell body), and axon

Front 2

What does the dendrite do?

Back 2

receives information (afferent)

Front 3

What does the soma do?

Back 3

controls metabolic functions (has basic cell parts) and can sometimes receive information if synapses reach the soma

Front 4

What does the axon do?

Back 4

sends the received electrical information (efferent)

Front 5

What are dendritic spines? Why are they important?

Back 5

dendritic spines are structures branching out from dendrites to increase its surface area and receive more information (can change over time)

Front 6

This type of glia fights infection in the brain without killing healthy cells, and removes the weakest synapses.

Back 6

microglia

Front 7

This type of glia helps guide neurons to their proper location during development. (ladder)

Back 7

radial glia

Front 8

This type of glia are responsible for building the myelin sheath that covers some axons and can be found in the brain and spinal cord.

Back 8

oligodendrocytes

Front 9

This type of glia are responsible for building the myelin sheath that covers some axons and can be found in the periphery of the body.

Back 9

Schwann cells

Front 10

"Behavior x developed so that we could do y."

This explanation for behavior is ______________.

Back 10

functional

Front 11

"Species x and species y share trait z, therefore they share an ancestor." This explanation for behavior is ___________.

Back 11

evolutionary

Front 12

genetics + environment = behavior x

This explanation for behavior is ______________.

Back 12

ontogenetic

Front 13

"When behavior x happens, the y part of the brain is more active." This explanation for behavior is ___________.

Back 13

physiological

Front 14

What did Santiago Ramon y Cajal discover?

Back 14

cells in the brain have spaces between them (neuron doctrine)

Front 15

What axons are responsible for bringing information into a structure?

Back 15

afferent axons

Front 16

What axons are responsible for taking information away from a structure?

Back 16

efferent axons

Front 17

The blood-brain barrier kees out harmful chemicals and viruses by using ___________ to control what crosses from blood vessels into the brain.

Back 17

active transport channels

Front 18

At rest, there are more _________ ions outside the cell than inside. Because of this the charge outside the cell is more ________.

Back 18

sodium; positive

Front 19

At rest there are more __________ ions inside the cell than outside. Because of this the charge inside the cell is more ___________.

Back 19

potassium; negative

Front 20

Ions want to move into areas of the opposite charge because of the _______ gradient.

Back 20

electrical

Front 21

Ions want to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration because of the ________ gradient.

Back 21

concentration

Front 22

The voltage inside a neuron at rest is approx ______ and its charge is ________.

Back 22

70 millivolts (mV); negative

Front 23

During an action potential sodium goes into the cell, changing the charge inside the cell to be _______.

Back 23

positive

Front 24

During an action potential, once sodium goes into the cell, ______ wants to go out.

Back 24

potassium

Front 25

During an action potential, as potassium ions leave the cell, _____ channels close, and _____ channels remain open to restore balance.

Back 25

sodium; potassium

Front 26

The process by which a microelectrode adds a negative current to a neuron is called _________.

Back 26

hyperpolarization

Front 27

The process by which a microelectrode adds a positive current to a neuron is called __________.

Back 27

depolarization

Front 28

Action potential occurs when the _________ is reached.

Back 28

threshold of excitation

Front 29

The threshold of excitation is reached by applying a strong enough _________ current.

Back 29

depolarizing

Front 30

Action potential will occur as long as the threshold of excitation is reached, no matter how much depolarizing current it requires. This is known as the __________ law.

Back 30

all or none

Front 31

Sodium channels are inactive during the _________ refractory period.

Back 31

absolute

Front 32

Potassium moving outside the cell causes hyperpolarization during the _________ refractory period.

Back 32

relative

Front 33

The absolute and relative refractory periods are a time in which another __________ cannot occur.

Back 33

action potential

Front 34

Action potential is regenerated on the ________________.

Back 34

Nodes of Ranvier

Front 35

When an action potential is regenerated in the spaces between the myelin sheath, it is called a ________ conduction.

Back 35

saltatory

Front 36

Local neurons produce ________ potentials.

Back 36

graded

Front 37

The doctor hits your knee to check your ________.

Back 37

reflexes

Front 38

The circuit from a sensory neuron to a responding muscle is called a ____________.

Back 38

relfex arc

Front 39

Pinching someone over and over in the same spot to get an increased reaction could be described as a ________.

Back 39

temporal summation (over time)

Front 40

Pinching someone in multiple spots to get an increased reaction could be described as a ___________.

Back 40

spatial summation (over space)

Front 41

A postsynaptic potential that decreases activity is called a _______PSP.

Back 41

inhibitory

Front 42

A postsynaptic potential that increases activity is called a _________PSP.

Back 42

excitatory

Front 43

A drug that mimics/increases the effects of certain neurotransmitters is called an __________.

Back 43

agonist

Front 44

A drug that blocks the effects of certain neurotransmitters is called an ___________.

Back 44

antagonist

Front 45

This enzyme is responsible for regulating excessive neurotransmitter accumulation.

Back 45

monoamine oxidase